Neutrophil activation, antioxidant supplements and exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Neutrophil activation, antioxidant supplements and exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
J. Peake;Katsuhiko Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Peake;Katsuhiko Suzuki
中性粒细胞产生称为活性氧（ROS）的自由基，其有助于清除受损的宿主组织。由于肌肉损伤、热应激和缺血/再灌注，运动期间可能发生组织损伤。当产生过量时，嗜中性粒细胞衍生的ROS可能压倒身体的内源性抗氧化防御机制，这可能导致氧化应激。越来越多的证据表明氧化应激与各种病理性疾病如心血管疾病、癌症、慢性炎症性疾病和缺血后器官损伤之间存在联系。少数研究调查了运动期间中性粒细胞活化和氧化应激之间是否存在联系。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些研究的结果。运动促进中性粒细胞释放到循环中，一些证据表明，运动后动员的中性粒细胞在体外刺激时产生某些形式的ROS的能力增强。运动过程中的神经元激活可能会挑战内源性抗氧化防御机制，但似乎不会增加氧化应激的脂质标志物到任何显着的程度，至少在循环中。抗氧化剂补充剂如N-乙酰半胱氨酸在体外刺激时有效减弱中性粒细胞产生ROS的能力的增加，而维生素E在运动期间减少中性粒细胞的组织浸润。剧烈运动时产生的自由基可能导致白细胞DNA损伤，但这种损伤是否是中性粒细胞活化的结果尚不清楚。运动可增强运动后中性粒细胞诱导血红素加氧酶（HO-1）的表达，但氧化应激是否是这种反应的刺激因素尚不确定。
Neutrophils produce free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which assist in the clearance of damaged host tissue. Tissue damage may occur during exercise due to muscle damage, thermal stress and ischaemia/reperfusion. When produced in excess, neutrophil-derived ROS may overwhelm the body's endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms, and this can lead to oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence for links between oxidative stress and a variety of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases and post-ischaemic organ injury. A small number of studies have investigated whether there is a link between neutrophil activation and oxidative stress during exercise. In this review, we have summarised the findings of these studies. Exercise promotes the release of neutrophils into the circulation, and some evidence suggests that neutrophils mobilised after exercise have an enhanced capacity to generate some forms of ROS when stimulated in vitro. Neutrophil activation during exercise may challenge endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms, but does not appear to increase lipid markers of oxidative stress to any significant degree, at least in the circulation. Antioxidant supplements such as N-acetylcysteine are effective at attenuating increases in the capacity of neutrophils to generate ROS when stimulated in vitro, whereas vitamin E reduces tissue infiltration of neutrophils during exercise. Free radicals generated during intense exercise may lead to DNA damage in leukocytes, but it is unknown if this damage is the result of neutrophil activation. Exercise enhances the expression of inducible haem (heme)-oxygenase (HO-1) in neutrophils after exercise, however, it is uncertain whether oxidative stress is the stimulus for this response.