The Role of Gut Bacteria and Fungi in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.
The Role of Gut Bacteria and Fungi in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmed.2022.840752
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Chu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen L;Zhu Y;Hou X;Yang L;Chu H
酒精相关性肝病（ALD）引起的肝硬化和肝癌严重威胁着人们的健康。除了酒精代谢过程中氧化应激引起的肝细胞凋亡和肝脏炎症外，肠道微生物群失调也参与了ALD的发生和发展。乙醇及其氧化和非氧化代谢产物，以及生态失调引起的炎症，破坏肠道屏障。胆汁酸、短链脂肪酸和氨基酸等微生物代谢产物的变化与ALD时肠道生态失调密切相关。酒精引起的微生态失调可进一步影响肠屏障相关蛋白，如粘蛋白2、胆汁酸相关受体和芳烃受体（AhR），这些异常变化也参与了肠屏障的损伤和肝脏脂肪变性。肠源性细菌、真菌及其毒素，如脂多糖（LPS）和β-葡聚糖，通过受损的肠屏障移位到肝脏中，并促进ALD的炎症和纤维化的进展。因此，预防酒精诱导的肠通透性破坏对ALD具有有益作用。目前，多种治疗方法已被应用于恢复ALD患者的肠道微生物群。粪便微生物移植，益生菌，抗生素和许多其他元素已经显示出它们恢复肠道微生物群的能力。有针对性的方法，如使用噬菌体去除溶细胞的粪肠球菌，并补充乳酸杆菌，双歧杆菌或布拉氏菌也是ALD的有力治疗选择。
Cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are serious threats to people's health. In addition to hepatic cell apoptosis and liver inflammation caused by oxidative stress during alcohol metabolism, intestinal microbiota disorders are also involved in the onset and development of ALD. Ethanol and its' oxidative and non-oxidative metabolites, together with dysbiosis-caused-inflammation, destroys the intestinal barrier. Changes of several microbial metabolites, such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and amino acid, are closely associated with gut dysbiosis in ALD. The alcohol-caused dysbiosis can further influence intestinal barrier-related proteins, such as mucin2, bile acid-related receptors, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and these abnormal changes also participate in the injury of the intestinal barrier and hepatic steatosis. Gut-derived bacteria, fungi, and their toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and β-glucan translocate into the liver through the damaged intestinal barrier and promote the progression of inflammation and fibrosis of ALD. Thus, the prevention of alcohol-induced disruption of intestinal permeability has a beneficial effect on ALD. Currently, multiple therapeutic treatments have been applied to restore the gut microbiota of patients with ALD. Fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, antibiotics, and many other elements has already shown their ability of restoring the gut microbiota. Targeted approaches, such as using bacteriophages to remove cytolytic Enterococcus faecalis, and supplement with Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, or boulardii are also powerful therapeutic options for ALD.
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影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Chen P;Torralba M;Tan J;Embree M;Zengler K;Stärkel P;van Pijkeren JP;DePew J;Loomba R;Ho SB;Bajaj JS;Mutlu EA;Keshavarzian A;Tsukamoto H;Nelson KE;Fouts DE;Schnabl B
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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