Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach.
Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2000-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Steven M. Bromley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steven M. Bromley
嗅觉和味觉障碍在一般人群中很常见，嗅觉丧失更常见。虽然这些疾病可能对生活质量产生重大影响，并可能代表重要的基础疾病，但它们往往被医学界忽视。患者可能难以识别嗅觉与味觉功能障碍，并经常混淆“味道”和“味道”的概念。“虽然嗅觉障碍的最常见原因是鼻和鼻窦疾病、上呼吸道感染和头部创伤，但味觉障碍的常见原因包括口腔感染、口腔用具（例如，假牙），牙科手术和贝尔麻痹。药物可能会干扰嗅觉和味觉，应在所有报告功能障碍的患者中进行审查。此外，年龄增长与嗅觉和味觉能力的自然损害有关。一个集中的历史和身体检查的鼻子和嘴通常足以筛选潜在的病理。计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像的受影响的地区，以及商业上可用的标准化测试，可能是有用的，在选定的患者。最适合治疗的嗅觉功能障碍的原因包括阻塞性息肉或其他肿块（通过切除治疗）和炎症（用类固醇治疗）。改善食物的风味和外观可以改善不可逆功能障碍患者的生活质量。
Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, with loss of smell occurring more frequently. Although these disorders can have a substantial impact on quality of life and may represent significant underlying disease, they are often overlooked by the medical community. Patients may have difficulty recognizing smell versus taste dysfunction and frequently confuse the concepts of "flavor" and "taste." While the most common causes of smell disturbance are nasal and sinus disease, upper respiratory infection and head trauma, frequent causes of taste disturbance include oral infections, oral appliances (e.g., dentures), dental procedures and Bell's palsy. Medications can interfere with smell and taste, and should be reviewed in all patients with reported dysfunction. In addition, advancing age has been associated with a natural impairment of smell and taste ability. A focused history and a physical examination of the nose and mouth are usually sufficient to screen for underlying pathology. Computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging of affected areas, as well as commercially available standardized tests, may be useful in selected patients. The causes of olfactory dysfunction that are most amenable to treatment include obstructing polyps or other masses (treated by excision) and inflammation (treated with steroids). Enhancement of food flavor and appearance can improve quality of life in patients with irreversible dysfunction.