Rice And Food Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia
Rice And Food Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia
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印度尼西亚的大米和食品自给自足
DOI：
10.1080/00074918412331334642
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
L. Mears
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Mears
几个世纪以来，自给自足一直是印度尼西亚的一个主要政策问题，尽管直到1945年才从粮食或大米自给自足的角度来考虑这一问题，在殖民时代，自给自足的驱动力需要控制土著种植者种植的作物，以便通过出口经济作物为政府或侨民创造收入（Partadiredja 1982）。Furnivall在他对荷属东印度群岛的广泛研究中，没有强调--也很少提到--粮食和大米生产以及为增加粮食和大米生产而采取的措施（Furnivall 1944; Furnivall 1948）。在1930年代，荷兰人曾试图调节稻米价格，间接地调节稻米生产，但没有使用自给自足这个词。有人认为，大米是一种非常重要的商品，不能完全留给自由市场，结果是国家通过贸易壁垒、最低和最高价格以及使用廉价进口品对市场进行干预（Boeke 1953）。然而，这些措施的实施似乎参差不齐（Moeljono and Tirtosudino 1971，pp.只是在独立之后，自给自足一词才开始被用于将国内需求与粮食供应联系起来的一个模糊的等式。考虑到大米价格的政治重要性，它被用作商品价格的一般指数的代理，以及大米作为工资商品和平均饮食中的主食的关键地位，自给自足一词专门指大米的自给自足（Timmer 1975，p.31ff; Timmer
Self-sufficiency has been a major policy concern in Indonesia for several centuries, although not until 1945 was this conceived in terms of food or rice self-sufficiency, In colonial times, the drive to self-sufficiency entailed the control of crops grown by indigenous cultivators in order to generate government or expatriate revenue through export of cash crops (Partadiredja 1982). Furnivall, in his extensive studies of the Netherlands East Indies, places no emphasis on-and makes very little mention of-food and rice production and the steps taken to increase them (Furnivall 1944; Furnivall 1948). During the 1930s, the Dutch made some attempt to regulate rice prices, and indirectly rice production, but the term self-sufficiency was not used. It was argued that rice was too important a commodity to he left entirely to the free market with the result that state intervention in the marketplace occurred by means of trade barriers, floor and ceiling prices and the use of cheap imports (Boeke 1953). However, implementation of these measures appears to have been spotty (Moeljono and Tirtosudino1971, pp. 3, 26 & 35).It was only after independence that the term self-sufficiency began to be used in the sense of a vaguely specified equation linking domestic demand with supply of food. Given the political importance of the rice price, its use as a proxy for a general index of commodity prices, and the key position of rice as a wage good and staple in the average diet, the term self-sufficiency came to mean specifically rice self-sufficiency (Timmer 1975, p. 31ff; Timmer