Data withholding in academic genetics - Evidence from a national survey
Data withholding in academic genetics - Evidence from a national survey
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.287.4.473
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发表时间：
2002-01-23
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Blumenthal, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, EG;Clarridge, BR;Blumenthal, D
背景 与已发表研究相关的信息、数据和材料的自由和开放共享对于已发表结果的复制、科学的有效进步和学生的教育至关重要。然而，在日常实践中，自由共享的理想常常被打破。目的了解学术遗传学中隐瞒数据的性质、程度和后果。设计、设置和参与者对遗传学家和其他生命科学家的邮寄调查（2000 年 3 月至 7 月）在 1998 年从美国国立卫生研究院获得最多资助的 100 所美国大学中。在 3000 名潜在受访者中，2893 名符合资格，1849 名做出回应，总体响应率为 64%。我们分析了 1240 名自我认定的遗传学家的子样本，并与 600 名自我认定的非遗传学家进行了有限数量的比较。拒绝请求的受访者百分比；隐瞒数据的影响和后果；结果 47% 的遗传学家在向其他教员询问有关已发表研究的额外信息、数据或材料时表示，在过去 3 年中，他们的请求中至少有 1 个被拒绝。所有出版后提供额外信息的请求中有百分之十被拒绝。由于无法获取数据，28% 的遗传学家表示他们无法证实已发表的研究。 12%的人表示，在过去的三年里，他们曾拒绝过另一位院士索要有关已发表成果的数据的请求。在表示故意隐瞒有关其已发表的工作的数据的遗传学家中，80%的人表示，需要花费太多精力来提供材料或信息； 64% 的人认为他们是在保护研究生、博士后或初级教员发表论文的能力； 53% 的人认为他们是在保护自己的出版能力。 35% 的遗传学家表示，过去十年间共享有所减少； 14%，份额有所增加。遗传学家与其他生命科学家一样，有可能拒绝他人的请求（优势比 [OR]，1.39；95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.81-2.40）并拒绝自己的请求（OR，0.97；95% CI，0.69-1.40）。然而，其他生命科学家不太可能报告扣留数据对他们自己的研究及其研究领域产生了负面影响。 结论 数据扣留发生在学术遗传学中，它影响基本的科学活动，例如确认已发表结果的能力。缺乏资源和科学优先问题可能在科学家决定向其他学术遗传学家隐瞒数据、材料和信息的过程中发挥重要作用。
Context The free and open sharing of information, data, and materials regarding published research is vital to the replication of published results, the efficient advancement of science, and the education of students. Yet in daily practice, the ideal of free sharing is often breached.Objective To understand the nature, extent, and consequences of data withholding in academic genetics.Design, Setting, and Participants Mailed survey (March-July 2000) of geneticists and other life scientists In the 100 US universities that received the most funding from the National Institutes of Health in 1998. Of a potential 3000 respondents, 2893 were eligible and 1849 responded, yielding an overall response rate of 64%. We analyzed a subsample of 1240 self-identified geneticists and made a limited number of comparisons with 600 self-identified nongeneticists.Main Outcome Measures Percentage of faculty who made requests for data that were denied; percentage of respondents who denied requests; influences on and consequences of withholding data; and changes over time in perceived willingness to share data.Results Forty-seven percent of geneticists who asked other faculty for additional information, data, or materials regarding published research reported that at least I of their requests had been denied In the preceding 3 years. Ten percent of all post-publication requests for additional information were denied. Because they were denied access to data, 28% of geneticists reported that they had been unable to confirm published research. Twelve percent said that in the previous 3 years, they had denied another academician's request for data concerning published results, Among geneticists who said they had Intentionally withheld data regarding their published work, 80% reported that it required too much effort to produce the materials or information; 64%, that they were protecting the ability of a graduate student, post-doctoral fellow, or junior faculty member to publish; and 53%, that they were protecting their own ability to publish. Thirty-five percent of geneticists said that sharing had decreased during the last decade; 14%, that sharing had increased. Geneticists were as likely as other life scientists to deny others' requests (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-2.40) and to have their own requests denied (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.69-1.40). However, other life scientists were less likely to report that withholding had a negative impact on their own research as well as their field of research.Conclusions Data withholding occurs in academic genetics and it affects essential scientific activities such as the ability to confirm published results. Lack of resources and issues of scientific priority may play an important role in scientists' decisions to withhold data, materials, and information from other academic geneticists.