The prevalence and correlates of occupational injuries in small-scale manufacturing enterprises
The prevalence and correlates of occupational injuries in small-scale manufacturing enterprises
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DOI：
10.1539/joh.48.366
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Araki, Shunichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nakata, Akinori;Ikeda, Tomoko;Araki, Shunichi
卫生-众所周知，从事小规模制造业的工人是职业伤害的高危人群。本研究调查了这一人群职业伤害的患病率和相关因素。从日本琦玉八盐市228家小型制造企业（定义为少于50名工人）的1，298名工人（年龄16-78岁（平均46岁））中收集了一份自填式问卷，要求回答有关职业信息，包括伤害、人口统计学特征、健康状况和生活方式因素的问题（应答率65.5%）。这些企业是从2000年版《城市商业名录》中随机抽取的，对应的是城市商业类型的分布情况。职业伤害的评估是通过询问受试者，“你在工作中是否受过伤，包括在过去的1年里轻微的擦伤和割伤？可能的回答是“是”或“不是”。职业伤害发生率为35.6%（男性43.0%，女性17.9%）。在工作类型中，制造业（44.2%）和驾驶（43.5%）的职业伤害率较高。同样，造纸（54.5%）和机械（47.7%）行业的职业伤害率也很高。对于男性，年龄较小，目前或以前吸烟，失眠症状和目前正在治疗的疾病与损伤相关，而对于女性，未婚，较高的教育地位和失眠症状是相关因素。职业伤害在小型制造企业中较为常见，且与多种可控因素相关。禁止工作期间吸烟、睡眠健康教育、对年轻/无经验工人进行工作安全培训等对策是消除或减少伤害的适当方法。
Health-Workers involved in small-scale manufacturing businesses are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury. The present study investigated the prevalence and correlates of occupational injury in this population. A self-administered questionnaire that solicited answers about occupational information including injury, demographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle factors was collected from a sample of 1,298 workers in 228 small-scale manufacturing enterprises (defined as fewer than 50 workers) aged 16-78 (mean 46) yr in Yashio city, Saitama, Japan (response rate 65.5%). The enterprises were randomly selected from the 2000 edition of the city commercial directory corresponding to the distribution of types of businesses in the city. Occupational injury was assessed by asking subjects, 'Have you ever been injured during your work, including minor scratches and cuts in the previous 1-yr period?' The possible response was either 'yes' or 'no.' The prevalence of study-defined occupational injury among the workers was 35.6% (male 43.0%, female 17.9%). Among job types, manufacturing (44.2%) and driving (43.5%) had high rates of occupational injuries. Similarly, occupational injuries were high in the papermaking (54.5%) and machinery (47.7%) industries. For males, younger age, current or former smoking, insomnia symptoms, and disease(s) currently under treatment were correlated with injury, whereas for females, being unmarried, higher educational status, and insomnia symptoms were the correlating factors. Occupational injury is common among small-scale manufacturing businesses, and is associated with multiple controllable factors. Countermeasures such as prohibiting smoking during work, sleep health education, job safety training for young/inexperienced workers are appropriate methods for eliminating or reducing injuries.