Evolution of behavior and neural control of the fast-start escape response.
Evolution of behavior and neural control of the fast-start escape response.
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快速启动逃避反应的行为进化和神经控制。
DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01411.x
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Westneat,MarkW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hale,MelinaE;LongJr,JohnH;McHenry,MatthewJ;Westneat,MarkW
快速启动惊吓行为是鱼类快速逃跑的主要机制，也是研究神经回路设计和肌肉骨骼功能的模型系统。为了开发用于惊吓反应进化分析的数据集，分析了脊椎动物进化史中关键分支的四种鱼类快速启动的运动学和肌肉活动模式。其中三种（Polypterus帕尔马斯，Lepisosteus osseus和Amia calva）代表了辐鳍类的基础。第四个物种（虹鳟mykiss）提供的数据，一个物种在中部地区的硬骨鱼的生殖。利用这些数据，我们探索了这种行为在脊椎动物生殖系统中的进化。为了检验惊吓特征在进化上是保守的这一假设，描述了快速启动中运动模式和运动学的可变性。结果表明，鱼类的惊吓行为的进化，更广泛的脊椎动物，是不保守的。快速启动在运动学和肌电图特征方面发生了实质性变化，包括存在一个或两个阶段的运动学反应以及双侧肌肉活动程度的变化。比较的方法被用来测试进化的假设，即运动控制的变化与快速启动的运动学和行为的关键差异相关。一些运动模式和行为特征之间存在显著的进化相关。这些结果表明，惊吓神经回路本身并不保守。通过追踪运动模式和运动学的进化，它表明，在惊吓行为的神经回路的主要变化发生在几个层次的脊椎动物的发育。
The fast‐start startle behavior is the primary mechanism of rapid escape in fishes and is a model system for examining neural circuit design and musculoskeletal function. To develop a dataset for evolutionary analysis of the startle response, the kinematics and muscle activity patterns of the fast‐start were analyzed for four fish species at key branches in the phylogeny of vertebrates. Three of these species (Polypterus palmas,Lepisosteus osseus, andAmia calva) represent the base of the actinopterygian radiation. A fourth species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) provided data for a species in the central region of the teleost phylogeny. Using these data, we explored the evolution of this behavior within the phylogeny of vertebrates. To test the hypothesis that startle features are evolutionarily conservative, the variability of motor patterns and kinematics in fast‐starts was described. Results show that the evolution of the startle behavior in fishes, and more broadly among vertebrates, is not conservative. The fast‐start has undergone substantial change in suites of kinematics and electromyogram features, including the presence of either a one‐ or a two‐stage kinematic response and change in the extent of bilateral muscle activity. Comparative methods were used to test the evolutionary hypothesis that changes in motor control are correlated with key differences in the kinematics and behavior of the fast‐start. Significant evolutionary correlations were found between several motor pattern and behavioral characters. These results suggest that the startle neural circuit itself is not conservative. By tracing the evolution of motor pattern and kinematics on a phylogeny, it is shown that major changes in the neural circuit of the startle behavior occur at several levels in the phylogeny of vertebrates.