The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii genome and multi-omic analyses provide insights into biomineralization
The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii genome and multi-omic analyses provide insights into biomineralization
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DOI：
10.5524/100240
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发表时间：
2017-07-25
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Liu, Xin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du, Xiaodong;Fan, Guangyi;Liu, Xin
背景：珍珠层是软体动物珍珠和贝壳中发现的一种彩虹状物质，是通过基质辅助生物矿化的特殊过程形成的。尽管最近取得了进展，但生物矿化过程的许多方面及其进化起源仍不清楚。马氏珠母贝是一位著名的生物矿化大师，但其产生贝壳和珍珠的分子机制尚不完全清楚。结果：我们对珍珠贝高度多态的基因组进行了测序，并进行了多组学和生化研究，以探索珍珠层的形成。我们鉴定了大量参与基质骨架形成的新蛋白质，其中许多是在扩大的家族中发现的，包括与脊椎动物骨骼中发现的类似的成分，如胶原相关的vwa蛋白(VWAP)、软骨素硫转移酶和调节元件。结论：考虑到脊椎动物骨骼中只有基于胶原的基质和大多数无脊椎动物骨骼中基于几丁质的基质，几丁质和珍珠层中基于胶原的基质元素的存在表明，几丁质和胶原基质的元素具有很深的根基，可能是古老的生物矿化基质的一部分。我们的结果扩展了当前的壳矩阵-框架模型，并为不同生物矿化系统的演化提供了新的见解。
Background: Nacre, the iridescent material found in pearls and shells of molluscs, is formed through an extraordinary process of matrix-assisted biomineralization. Despite recent advances, many aspects of the biomineralization process and its evolutionary origin remain unknown. The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is a well-known master of biomineralization, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its production of shells and pearls are not fully understood.Results: We sequenced the highly polymorphic genome of the pearl oyster and conducted multi-omic and biochemical studies to probe nacre formation. We identified a large set of novel proteins participating in matrix-framework formation, many in expanded families, including components similar to that found in vertebrate bones such as collagen-related VWA-containing proteins (VWAP), chondroitin sulfotransferases and regulatory elements.Conclusions: Considering that there are only collagen-based matrices in vertebrate bones and chitin-based matrices in most invertebrate skeletons, the presence of both chitin and elements of collagen-based matrices in nacre suggests that elements of chitin-and collagen-based matrices have deep roots and might be part of an ancient biomineralizing matrix. Our results expand the current shell matrix-framework model and provide new insights into the evolution of diverse biomineralization systems.