Nonmetric multivariate analysis in community-level ecotoxicology
Nonmetric multivariate analysis in community-level ecotoxicology
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620180205
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Clarke, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, KR
在环境监测的背景下，广泛收集了群落级数据，通常以100多个物种的丰度的形式，例如，海上石油作业中钻井泥浆处理的影响。由此产生的丰度阵列的统计特性排除了使用“经典的”多变量分析，如主成分和多变量方差分析。一种替代方法是使用非参数显示和测试，如非度量多维标度（MDS）和Mantel依赖于相似性矩阵的变化。这些不需要参数技术的限制性假设，并拥有一个概念的简单性，方便他们的使用和环境管理人员和监管机构的理解。一个监测的例子进行了讨论，从挪威油田，这样的分析有重大影响的环境实践。这些技术同样适用于评估社区一级实验室实验和生物测定的结果。本文通过（1）英国Fal河口北海沉积物和重金属污染物污染梯度的观测研究;（2）金属对海洋线虫群落的不同影响的实验研究;（3）Fal河口沉积物微观实验的生物测定方法，阐明了普利茅斯海洋实验室（并封装在PRIMER软件中）采用的分析方法。
Community-leveI data, typically in the form of abundances of over 100 species, are widely collected in the context of environmental monitoring, e.g., of the effects of disposal of drilling muds in offshore oil operations. The statistical properties of the resulting abundance arrays preclude the use of "classical" multivariate analyses, such as principal components and multivariate analysis of variance. One alternative is the use of nonparametric displays and tests, such as nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and variations of Mantel rests on similarity matrices. These do not require the restrictive assumptions of parametric techniques and possess a conceptual simplicity, facilitating their use and understanding by environmental managers and regulators. A monitoring example is discussed from Norwegian oil fields, for which such analyses have had a significant impact on environmental practice. The techniques are equally applicable to assessing outcomes from community-level laboratory experiments and bioassays. The paper exemplifies the analysis approach taken at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (and encapsulated in the PRIMER software) through (1) observational studies of pollution gradients in North Sea sediments and heavy metal pollutants in the Fal estuary, UK; (2) an experimental study on differential effects of metals on marine nematode communities; and (3) a bioassay approach employing a microcosm experiment on Fal estuary sediments.