Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China
Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10661-007-9768-1
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Yang, Zhifeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Chunye;He, Mengchang;Yang, Zhifeng
松花江二段在20世纪60年代至70年代受到吉林市化工企业大量原水或一次污水的污染，造成了严重的汞污染。然而，对其他微量金属污染的了解仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查河流沉积物中的微量金属污染。2005年在吉林市至哈尔滨市之间的河流中采集了底泥样本。同时在嫩河采集了未受污染的沉积物剖面。采用ICP-MS或ICP-OES法测定不同酸消解后沉积物样品中Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、Ti、Mn、V、Sc、Co、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn的总浓度。表层沉积物中Co、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn的浓度分别为5.1 ~ 14.7、18.5 ~ 78.9、2.4 ~ 75.4、7.2 ~ 29.0、13.5 ~ 124.4和21.8 ~ 403.1 mg/kg，沿吉林市至哈尔滨市河道总体呈下降趋势。通过地球化学归一化，重建了微量金属的背景浓度为保守元素钪。结果表明，沉积物中Co、Cr、Ni的浓度普遍仅略高于或等于背景值，而部分沉积物样品中Cu、Pb、Zn的浓度明显高于背景值。其中，吉林市沉积物为Cu中度污染，松花江第二段沉积物为Pb、Zn中度污染。五树镇同一沉积物剖面的表层（深度0 ~ 10 cm）和底层（深度30 ~ 46 cm）普遍受到Pb和Zn的中度污染。综合采用Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn的沉积物污染指数（SPI）将研究河段表层沉积物划分为自然沉积物，无生态风险。五棵树镇沉积物剖面中只有30 ~ 45 cm深度的沉积物被这些金属的SPI列为低污染沉积物，记录了该河在20世纪60 ~ 70年代的历史污染。微量金属的埋藏污染在沉积物扰动下可能对水柱造成潜在危害。
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1-14.7, 18.5-78.9, 2.4-75.4, 7.2-29.0, 13.5-124.4, and 21.8-403.1 mg/kg, respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0-10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30-46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30-45 cm depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential risk to water column under disturbance of sediment.