Egalitarianism in young children
Egalitarianism in young children
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DOI：
10.1038/nature07155
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发表时间：
2008-08-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Rockenbach, Bettina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fehr, Ernst;Bernhard, Helen;Rockenbach, Bettina
人类的社会互动是由其他关于偏好的强烈影响的，即对他人福利的关注。这些偏好对于人类社会性的独特方面至关重要 - 与遗传陌生人的大规模合作，但对它们的发展根源知之甚少。在这里，我们表明，幼儿的另一个关于偏好的人是一种特定的形式，不平等的厌恶厌恶年龄在3至8岁之间。年龄在3-4岁时，绝大多数儿童自私地表现，而大多数儿童在7-8岁时喜欢消除有利或不利的不平等现象的资源分配。此外，不平等的厌恶是由狭ochialism的强烈塑造的，这是偏爱自己社会群体的成员的偏爱。这些结果表明，人类的平等主义和狭ochialism具有深厚的发展根源，并且鉴于最近进化论预测相同的进化过程共同驱动人类利他主义和教区主义，童年期间无私共享和狭och的同时出现。
Human social interaction is strongly shaped by other- regarding preferences, that is, a concern for the welfare of others. These preferences are important for a unique aspect of human sociality - large scale cooperation with genetic strangers but little is known about their developmental roots. Here we show that young children's other- regarding preferences assume a particular form, inequality aversion that develops strongly between the ages of 3 and 8. At age 3 - 4, the overwhelming majority of children behave selfishly, whereas most children at age 7 - 8 prefer resource allocations that remove advantageous or disadvantageous inequality. Moreover, inequality aversion is strongly shaped by parochialism, a preference for favouring the members of one's own social group. These results indicate that human egalitarianism and parochialism have deep developmental roots, and the simultaneous emergence of altruistic sharing and parochialism during childhood is intriguing in view of recent evolutionary theories which predict that the same evolutionary process jointly drives both human altruism and parochialism.