Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia
Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291711001693
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Hodgins, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickson, H.;Laurens, K. R.;Hodgins, S.
背景。先前的评论报道了儿童和青少年时期的认知和运动缺陷，这些个体后来发展为精神分裂症。然而，这些综述只关注有患病亲属的个体或人口/出生队列的研究，纳入了对病前智力的估计测量的研究，或纳入了对有症状的高危参与者或18岁或以上参与者的调查。因此，尚不清楚认知和运动缺陷是否构成精神分裂症的强有力的前因。对已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究检查了16岁或以下后来发展为精神分裂症或精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）的青少年和未发展为精神分裂症或精神分裂症谱系障碍的青少年的认知或运动功能。23项研究符合以下纳入标准：(1)以英文撰写；(2)对出生或遗传高危人群进行前瞻性调查，或对人群样本进行随访调查；(3) 16岁或以下的认知或运动表现的客观测量；(4)提供了在以后的生活中发生和未发生精神分裂症/SSD的个体的结果；(5)有足够的数据来计算效应量。测试了四个功能领域：智商；运动机能;一般学业成绩；数学成绩。结果。荟萃分析显示，到16岁时，随后发展为精神分裂症/SSD的个体在智商（d=0.51）和运动功能（d=0.56）方面表现出显著缺陷，但在一般学业成绩（d=0.25）或数学成绩（d=0.21）方面没有表现出显著缺陷。辅助分析表明，智商缺陷在13岁时就出现了。这些结果表明，智商和运动表现的缺陷早于前驱症状和疾病的发作。
Background. Previous reviews have reported cognitive and motor deficits in childhood and adolescence among individuals who later develop schizophrenia. However, these reviews focused exclusively on studies of individuals with affected relatives or on population/birth cohorts, incorporated studies with estimated measures of pre-morbid intelligence, or included investigations that examined symptomatic at-risk participants or participants 18 years or older. Thus, it remains unclear whether cognitive and motor deficits constitute robust antecedents of schizophrenia. Meta-analyses were conducted on published studies that examined cognitive or motor function in youth aged 16 years or younger who later developed schizophrenia or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and those who did not.Method. Twenty-three studies fulfilled the following inclusion criteria : (1) written in English; (2) prospective investigations of birth or genetic high-risk cohorts, or follow-back investigations of population samples; (3) objective measures of cognitive or motor performance at age 16 or younger; (4) results provided for individuals who did and who did not develop schizophrenia/SSD later in life; and (5) sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. Four domains of function were examined: IQ; Motor Function; General Academic Achievement; and Mathematics Achievement.Results. Meta-analyses showed that, by age 16, individuals who subsequently developed schizophrenia/SSD displayed significant deficits in IQ (d=0.51) and motor function (d=0.56), but not in general academic achievement (d=0.25) or mathematics achievement (d=0.21). Subsidiary analysis indicated that the IQ deficit was present by age 13.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that deficits in IQ and motor performance precede the prodrome and the onset of illness.