Mistakenly Seeking Solitude
Mistakenly Seeking Solitude
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037323
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Schroeder, Juliana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Epley, Nicholas;Schroeder, Juliana
与他人联系可以增加幸福感，但距离很近的陌生人通常会互相忽视。为什么？可能有两个原因：要么孤独比与陌生人互动是一种更积极的体验，要么人们误解了遥远的社会联系的后果。为了检查与陌生人联系的体验，我们指示火车和公共汽车上的通勤者与附近的陌生人联系、保持断开连接或正常通勤（实验 1a 和 2a）。在这两种情况下，参与者都表示，与不联系时相比，他们在联系时获得了更积极的体验（而且成效不减）。然而，每种情况下的不同参与者都期望得到完全相反的结果，预测独处时会获得更积极的体验（实验 1b 和 2b）。这种对独处的错误偏好部分源于低估他人对联系的兴趣（实验3a和3b），这反过来又使人们无法了解社交互动的实际后果（实验4a和4b）。联系的乐趣似乎具有感染力：在实验室候诊室中，接受交谈的参与者与被指示交谈的参与者有着同样积极的体验（实验 5）。人类是社会动物。那些误解社交互动后果的人，至少在某些情况下，可能没有足够的社交能力来维持自己的福祉。
Connecting with others increases happiness, but strangers in close proximity routinely ignore each other. Why? Two reasons seem likely: Either solitude is a more positive experience than interacting with strangers, or people misunderstand the consequences of distant social connections. To examine the experience of connecting to strangers, we instructed commuters on trains and buses to connect with a stranger near them, to remain disconnected, or to commute as normal (Experiments 1a and 2a). In both contexts, participants reported a more positive (and no less productive) experience when they connected than when they did not. Separate participants in each context, however, expected precisely the opposite outcome, predicting a more positive experience in solitude (Experiments 1b and 2b). This mistaken preference for solitude stems partly from underestimating others' interest in connecting (Experiments 3a and 3b), which in turn keeps people from learning the actual consequences of social interaction (Experiments 4a and 4b). The pleasure of connection seems contagious: In a laboratory waiting room, participants who were talked to had equally positive experiences as those instructed to talk (Experiment 5). Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the consequences of social interactions may not, in at least some contexts, be social enough for their own well-being.