Framing the Poor: Media Coverage and U.S. Poverty Policy, 1960–2008
Framing the Poor: Media Coverage and U.S. Poverty Policy, 1960–2008
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塑造穷人：媒体报道和美国贫困政策，1960-2008
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Baumgartner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Rose;F. Baumgartner
针对穷人的公共政策已经从“向贫困宣战”期间最初的乐观转变为日益增长的悲观。媒体对贫困的讨论已经从关注贫困的结构性原因或大量贫困人口的社会成本转变为将穷人描绘成骗子和骗子，以及福利计划弊大于利。随着框架的改变，政策也随之改变。我们用新的贫困深度指标、政府的慷慨反应和媒体对1960年至2008年期间穷人的描述来证明这些趋势。我们提出了一个简单的统计模型，通过问题的严重性、国内生产总值和媒体报道来解释贫困支出。然后，我们创建了一个衡量美国政府对穷人政策的相对慷慨程度的新指标，并表明它与报纸报道的内容高度相关。把穷人描绘成要么是应得的，要么是懒惰的，这推动了公共政策。
Public policy toward the poor has shifted from an initial optimism during the War on Poverty to an ever-increasing pessimism. Media discussion of poverty has shifted from arguments that focus on the structural causes of poverty or the social costs of having large numbers of poor to portrayals of the poor as cheaters and chiselers and of welfare programs doing more harm than good. As the frames have shifted, policies have followed. We demonstrate these trends with new indicators of the depth of poverty, the generosity of the government response, and media framing of the poor for the period of 1960–2008. We present a simple statistical model that explains poverty spending by the severity of the problem, gross domestic product, and media coverage. We then create a new measure of the relative generosity of U.S. government policy toward the poor and show that it is highly related to the content of newspaper stories. The portrayal of the poor as either deserving or lazy drives public policy.