Ideologies and typologies of languageendangerment in Africa
Ideologies and typologies of languageendangerment in Africa
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非洲语言濒危的意识形态和类型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Friederike Lüpke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Friederike Lüpke
本章旨在纠正一个可悲的事实，即非洲语言及其社会生活和活力是根据植根于西方语言意识形态的非洲思想以及基于美国和澳大利亚语言濒危背景制定的语言标准来评估的。本章挑战了这些意识形态在非洲背景下的语言使用的有效性，并首先提供了非洲语言描述历史的必要背景以及对殖民行为者驱动下的非洲语言活力的假设。然后，它通过将非洲语言视为使用它们的语言生态的多语言库中的代码，并描述了培育非洲大陆惊人的语言多样性的社会因素，描绘了一幅截然不同的非洲语言图景。为了公正地对待非洲语言情况的特殊性，其中造成美国和澳大利亚典型的冲突多语情况的定居点仍然是一个例外，因此提出了一套非洲语言的替代活力参数。本章最后指出，多语言使用作为复杂语言生态中的一种社会嵌入实践，需要成为非洲语言描述性和文献研究的焦点。
This chapter aims at redressing the deplorable fact that African languages,their social life and vitality, are assessed according to ideas of Africa groundedin Western language ideologies and based and on language criteria developedbased on American and Australian contexts of language endangerment. Thechapter challenges the validity of these ideologies to account for language usein African setting and starts out by providing the necessary background on thehistory of description of African languages and on assumptions on their vitalityas driven by colonial actors. It then paints a radically different picture of Africanlanguages by looking at them as codes in the multilingual repertoires of thelanguage ecologies in which they are used and by describing the social factorsthat nurture the astonishing linguistic diversity on the continent. In order todo justice to the specificity of African language situations, where settlementcolonies creating the conflictual polyglossic situations typical for Americaand Australia remain an exception, an alternative set of vitality parameters forAfrican languages is proposed. The chapter closes with the observation thatmultilingual language use as a socially embedded practice in complex linguisticecologies needs to become a focus of descriptive and documentary research onAfrican languages.