Diversity and Biogeography of Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Bacteria.
Diversity and Biogeography of Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Bacteria.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0148016
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ramette A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bienhold C;Zinger L;Boetius A;Ramette A
深海海底覆盖了地球表面 60% 以上，拥有多种在碳和营养循环中发挥重要作用的细菌群落。关键细菌成员的识别仍然是一个挑战，它们在海底沉积物中的分布模式仍然缺乏描述。以前的研究要么受到区域限制，要么只包括很少的深海沉积物，并且没有专门测试广阔的寡营养深海和深海海底的生物地理模式。在这里，我们通过描述与 1000-5300 m 水深的深海表面沉积物特别相关的细菌操作分类单位 (OTU) 来定义深海底微生物组的组成。我们表明，表层海底的微生物组与地下海底不同。大都会细菌OTU隶属于JTB255分支（Gammaproteobacteria，Xanthomonadales目）和OM1（Actinobacteria，Acidimicrobiales目），分别占其各自分支的21％和7％，以及研究中所有序列的约1％。总体而言，很少有序列丰富的细菌类型在全球范围内分散，并表现出正的范围丰度关系。大多数细菌种群都很罕见，并且表现出高度的特有性，这解释了在大空间尺度上观察到的群落组成的巨大差异。尽管深海沉积物的物理化学相对均匀，但我们确定了生产力状况的指标，特别是沉积物有机质含量，作为与全球细菌群落结构变化显着相关的因素。
The deep ocean floor covers more than 60% of the Earth’s surface, and hosts diverse bacterial communities with important functions in carbon and nutrient cycles. The identification of key bacterial members remains a challenge and their patterns of distribution in seafloor sediment yet remain poorly described. Previous studies were either regionally restricted or included few deep-sea sediments, and did not specifically test biogeographic patterns across the vast oligotrophic bathyal and abyssal seafloor. Here we define the composition of this deep seafloor microbiome by describing those bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are specifically associated with deep-sea surface sediments at water depths ranging from 1000–5300 m. We show that the microbiome of the surface seafloor is distinct from the subsurface seafloor. The cosmopolitan bacterial OTU were affiliated with the clades JTB255 (class Gammaproteobacteria, order Xanthomonadales) and OM1 (Actinobacteria, order Acidimicrobiales), comprising 21% and 7% of their respective clades, and about 1% of all sequences in the study. Overall, few sequence-abundant bacterial types were globally dispersed and displayed positive range-abundance relationships. Most bacterial populations were rare and exhibited a high degree of endemism, explaining the substantial differences in community composition observed over large spatial scales. Despite the relative physicochemical uniformity of deep-sea sediments, we identified indicators of productivity regimes, especially sediment organic matter content, as factors significantly associated with changes in bacterial community structure across the globe.