Novel strategies for development of hemorrhagic fever arenavirus live-attenuated vaccines.
Novel strategies for development of hemorrhagic fever arenavirus live-attenuated vaccines.
复制标题
开发出血热沙粒病毒减毒活疫苗的新策略。
DOI：
10.1080/14760584.2016.1182024
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
delaTorre,JuanCarlos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez-Sobrido,Luis;delaTorre,JuanCarlos
介绍：几种沙粒病毒，主要是拉沙病毒（LASV），在人类中引起出血热（HF）疾病，并在其流行地区造成严重的公共卫生问题。此外，HF沙粒病毒代表了可信的生物防御威胁。没有FDA批准的沙粒病毒疫苗，目前的抗沙粒病毒治疗仅限于利巴韦林的标签外使用，仅部分有效。涵盖的领域：减毒活疫苗（LAV）代表了在流行地区控制HF沙粒病毒的最可行方法。不同的平台，包括表达LASV抗原的重组病毒载体，和减毒的reflectant沙粒病毒的使用，已被用于开发LAV候选人对LASV的LASV感染的动物模型中有希望的结果，但没有一个进入临床试验。这些疫苗工作是最近审查的主题，本次审查将不进行审查，其重点是开发安全有效的LAV以对抗HF沙粒病毒的新途径。专家评论：沙粒病毒反向遗传学的发展为研究人员提供了一种新的强大的方法来操纵HF沙粒病毒的基因组，这为快速开发安全有效的LAV以对抗这些人类病原体开辟了新的途径。
Introduction: Several arenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV), cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose significant public health problems in their endemic regions. Moreover, HF arenaviruses represent credible biodefense threats. There are not FDA-approved arenavirus vaccines and current anti-arenaviral therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective.Areas covered: Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) represent the most feasible approach to control HF arenaviruses within their endemic regions. Different platforms, including recombinant viral vectors expressing LASV antigens, and the use of attenuated reassortant arenaviruses, have been used to develop LAV candidates against LASV with promising results in animal models of LASV infection, but none of them has entered a clinical trial. These vaccine efforts have been the subject of recent reviews and will not be examined in this review, which is focused on new avenues for the development of safe and effective LAV to combat HF arenaviruses.Expert commentary: The development of arenavirus reverse genetics has provided investigators with a novel powerful approach to manipulate the genomes of HF arenaviruses, which has opened new avenues for the rapid development of safe and effective LAV to combat these human pathogens.