Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management.
Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management.
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DOI：
10.1053/prrv.2000.0059
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Boner, A L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peroni, D G;Boner, A L
术语肺不张描述了肺实质的塌陷和非充气区域的状态，其在其他方面是正常的。这种病理状态通常与几种肺部和胸部疾病有关，代表了潜在疾病的表现，而不是疾病本身。肺不张可能以三种方式发生：（i）气道阻塞;（ii）胸外、胸内、胸壁突起压迫实质;（iii）肺泡和细支气管表面张力增加。使用前后位和侧位投影的胸片是强制性的，以记录肺不张的存在。与肺叶实变的鉴别可能是一个临床难题。肺不张的治疗根据病因疾病的持续时间和严重程度而有所不同，从胸部物理治疗到体位引流、支气管扩张剂和抗炎治疗。应通过支气管镜检查清除持续性粘液栓。
The term atelectasis describes a state of collapsed and non-aerated region of the lung parenchyma, which is otherwise normal. This pathological condition is usually associated with several pulmonary and chest disorders and represents a manifestation of the underlying disease, not a disease per se. Atelectasis may occur in three ways: (i) airway obstruction; (ii) compression of parenchyma by extrathoracic, intrathoracic, chest wall processes; and (iii) increased surface tension in alveoli and bronchioli. Chest radiographs using both the anterior-posterior and lateral projections are mandatory to document the presence of atelectasis. Differentiation from lobar consolidation may be a clinical dilemma. The treatment of atelectasis varies depending on duration and severity of the causal disease from chest physiotherapy to postural drainage, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy. Persistent mucous plugs should be removed by bronchoscopy.