Active walker model for the formation of human and animal trail systems
Active walker model for the formation of human and animal trail systems
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DOI：
10.1103/physreve.56.2527
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Molnar, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helbing, D;Schweitzer, F;Molnar, P
主动步行者模型最近证明了它们在描述星团的形成、周期模式、螺旋波以及河流的发展、电介质击穿模式和许多其他结构方面的巨大价值。研究表明，它们还可以模拟行人和蚂蚁形成的步道系统，从而更好地理解人类和动物的行为。与经验资料的比较表明，模型与实际吻合较好。我们的轨迹形成模型包括一个运动方程、一个环境变化方程和一个方向关系。它包含一些模型函数，这些函数是根据考虑的动物或行人的特征指定的。不仅环境变化的种类不同：行人会在地上留下脚印，蚂蚁则会产生化学标记来确定它们的方向。然而，更重要的是行人要朝着一个确定的目的地前进，而蚂蚁通常是随机找到食物来源的，即它们以随机的方式到达目的地。因此，进化轨迹系统的典型结构取决于各自的物种。有些蚂蚁会形成树突状的路径系统，而行人则会形成最小的绕行系统。步道形成模型可以作为优化步行设施的工具：它允许城市规划者设计出真正满足行人路线选择习惯的便捷道路系统。
Active walker models have recently proved their great value for describing the formation of clusters, periodic patterns, and spiral waves as well as the development of rivers, dielectric breakdown patterns, and many other structures. It is shown that they also allow one to simulate the formation of trail systems by pedestrians and ants, yielding a better understanding of human and animal behavior. A comparison with empirical material shows a good agreement between model and reality. Our trail formation model includes an equation of motion, an equation for environmental changes, and an orientation relation. It contains some model functions, which are specified according to the characteristics of the considered animals or pedestrians. Not only the kind of environmental changes differs: Whereas pedestrians leave footprints on the ground, ants produce chemical markings for their orientation. Nevertheless, it is more important that pedestrians steer towards a certain destination, while ants usually find their food sources by chance, i.e., they reach their destination in a stochastic way. As a consequence, the typical structure of the evolving trail systems depends on the respective species. Some ant species produce a dendritic trail system, whereas pedestrians generate a minimal detour system. The trail formation model can be used as a tool for the optimization of pedestrian facilities: It allows urban planners to design convenient way systems which actually meet the route choice habits of pedestrians.