MicroRNAs are universal regulators of differentiation, activation, and polarization of microglia and macrophages in normal and diseased CNS.
MicroRNAs are universal regulators of differentiation, activation, and polarization of microglia and macrophages in normal and diseased CNS.
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DOI：
10.1002/glia.22363
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Weiner, Howard L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ponomarev, Eugene D.;Veremeyko, Tatiana;Weiner, Howard L.
MicroRNA（miRNAs）是一类小的（~22个核苷酸）非编码RNA，在翻译后水平参与基因表达调控。据估计，30-90%的人类基因由microRNA调控，这使得这些分子对细胞生长，活化和分化非常重要。小胶质细胞是CNS驻留的髓系细胞，在免疫监视中发挥重要作用，并积极参与许多神经病理学。虽然小胶质细胞的确切起源仍然是个谜，但已经确定的是，在整个发育过程中，在正常条件下，来自卵黄囊的原始巨噬细胞填充在大脑和脊髓中。在各种病理事件如神经炎症期间，骨髓来源的髓样细胞也迁移到CNS中。在CNS内，来自卵黄囊的原始巨噬细胞和骨髓来源的髓样细胞在与CNS微环境内的其他细胞类型相互作用后获得特定表型。驱动祖细胞分化为小胶质细胞和控制CNS内小胶质细胞和骨髓源性髓样细胞的活化状态的因素还不清楚。本文就microRNA在髓系细胞活化和分化过程中的作用进行综述。miR-124在小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞适应CNS微环境中的作用将进一步讨论。我们还将总结microRNA作为小胶质细胞和microRNA激活调节剂的作用。最后，我们将描述miR-155和miR-124在巨噬细胞向经典和交替活化表型极化中的作用。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-translational level. It is estimated that 30–90% of human genes are regulated by microRNAs, which makes these molecules of great importance for cell growth, activation and differentiation. Microglia are CNS-resident cells of a myeloid lineage that play an important role in immune surveillance and are actively involved in many neurologic pathologies. Although the exact origin of microglia remains enigmatic, it is established that primitive macrophages from a yolk sac populate the brain and spinal cord in normal conditions throughout development. During various pathological events such as neuroinflammation, bone marrow derived myeloid cells also migrate into the CNS. Within the CNS, both primitive macrophages from the yolk sac and bone marrow derived myeloid cells acquire a specific phenotype upon interaction with other cell types within the CNS microenvironment. The factors that drive differentiation of progenitors into microglia and control the state of activation of microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells within the CNS are not well understood. In this review we will summarize the role of microRNAs during activation and differentiation of myeloid cells. The role of miR-124 in the adaptation of microglia and macrophages to the CNS microenvironment will be further discussed. We will also summarize the role of microRNAs as modulators of activation of microglia and microphages. Finally, we will describe the role of miR-155 and miR-124 in the polarization of macrophages towards classically and alternatively activated phenotypes.
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影响因子：
13.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0711961105
发表时间：
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