Biomass Production and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio Influence Ecosystem Services from Cover Crop Mixtures
Biomass Production and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio Influence Ecosystem Services from Cover Crop Mixtures
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj15.0182
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kaye, Jason P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finney, Denise M.;White, Charles M.;Kaye, Jason P.
在有覆盖作物的农业生态系统中增加植物多样性是一项成功的战略，可以增加农业的生态系统服务，而增加覆盖作物的多样性可能会带来更大的效益。生产力和生态系统服务，从多物种覆盖作物混合物进行了测量，在2年的实地研究，18覆盖作物治疗之前，在宾夕法尼亚州中部的常规耕作玉米。增加林分中的物种数量增加覆盖作物生物量（R-2 = 0.15）。然而，混合覆盖作物物种，在物候或N收购策略互补并没有导致混合物，产生更多的生物量比高产单作。增加覆盖作物生物量与几个生态系统服务，即杂草抑制，防止硝酸盐淋溶，地上生物量氮呈正相关，但在随后的种植季节无机氮的可用性和玉米产量产生负面影响。覆盖作物C/N比是生态系统服务功能的另一个决定因素，与防止硝态氮淋溶呈正相关，与无机氮有效性和玉米产量呈负相关。这项研究支持了长期以来的假设，即增加生物量可以增强覆盖作物的某些生态系统服务;然而，由于测试的混合物并没有产生比高产单作更多的生物量，因此使用混合物增加生物量驱动的服务的机会可能有限。生物量C/N比和生态系统服务之间的相关性在这项研究中还表明，功能性状，而不是生物量，将是重要的预测生态系统服务覆盖作物混合物。
Increasing plant diversity in agroecosystems with cover crops has been a successful strategy to augment ecosystem services from agriculture, and increasing diversity of cover crops may provide even greater benefits. Productivity and ecosystem services from multi-species cover crop mixtures were measured in a 2-yr field study of 18 cover crop treatments preceding conventionally tilled corn in central Pennsylvania. Increasing the number of species in a stand increased cover crop biomass (R-2 = 0.15). However, mixing cover crop species that were complementary in phenology or N acquisition strategy did not result in mixtures that produced more biomass than high yielding monocultures. Increasing cover crop biomass was positively correlated with several ecosystem services, namely weed suppression, prevention of nitrate leaching, and aboveground biomass N, but negatively impacted inorganic N availability and corn yield in the subsequent cropping season. The cover crop C/N ratio was another determinant of ecosystem services positively related to nitrate leaching prevention, but negatively related to inorganic N availability and corn yield. Th is study supports the long-held assumption that increasing biomass can enhance certain ecosystem services from cover crops; however, because the mixtures tested did not produce more biomass than high yielding monocultures, opportunities to increase biomass-driven services with mixtures may be limited. The correlation between biomass C/N ratio and ecosystem services in this study also indicates that functional traits, as opposed to biomass alone, will be important for predicting ecosystem services from cover crop mixtures.