Using globally threatened pelagic birds to identify priority sites for marine conservation in the South Atlantic Ocean
Using globally threatened pelagic birds to identify priority sites for marine conservation in the South Atlantic Ocean
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2017.05.009
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Ryan, Peter G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dias, Maria P.;Oppel, Steffen;Ryan, Peter G.
《生物多样性公约》希望将全球10%的海洋划为海洋保护区（MPAs），但到目前为止，保护公海中上层物种的MPAs很少。需要透明的科学方法来确保这些涵盖具有高生物多样性价值的地区。在这里，我们利用在一个位于中心位置的群岛（特里斯坦达库尼亚）繁殖的所有全球受威胁海鸟的分布，为在南大西洋建立海洋保护区提供指导。我们结合了六个物种全年的跟踪数据，并使用系统的保护规划工具“分区”来划定保护每个种群最大比例的区域。利用最多的地区因物种和季节而异。综合所有六个物种使用的地点表明，南大西洋最重要的地区位于南非南部，南大西洋中部在南纬30度到南纬55度之间，靠近南美洲。我们估计，在这些密集使用的地区，延绳钓的渔获量平均每年约为1100万个鱼钩，这突出表明有必要改进对海鸟副渔获率的监测，并强制渔业遵守减轻鸟类副渔获量的规定。已确定的区域与南大西洋任何现有的海洋保护区之间没有重叠。养护这些高度流动的远洋物种不可能由单个国家来实现，而需要在海洋盆地范围内采取多国办法，例如根据《联合国海洋法公约》就养护国家管辖范围以外的生物多样性达成协定。
The Convention on Biological Diversity aspires to designate 10% of the global oceans as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), but so far, few MPAs protect pelagic species in the high seas. Transparent scientific approaches are needed to ensure that these encompass areas with high biodiversity value. Here we used the distribution of all globally threatened seabirds breeding in a centrally located archipelago (Tristan da Cunha) to provide guidance on where MPAs could be established in the South Atlantic Ocean. We combined year-round tracking data from six species, and used the systematic conservation-planning tool, 'Zonation', to delineate areas that would protect the largest proportion of each population. The areas used most intensively varied among species and seasons. Combining the sites used by all six species suggested that the most important areas of the South Atlantic are located south of South Africa, around the central South Atlantic between 30 degrees S and 55 degrees S, and near South America. We estimated that the longline fishing effort in these intensively used areas is around 11 million hooks on average each year, highlighting the need for improved monitoring of seabird bycatch rates and the enforcement of compliance with bird bycatch mitigation requirements by fisheries. There was no overlap between the identified areas and any of the existing MPAs in the South Atlantic. The conservation of these highly mobile, pelagic species cannot be achieved by single countries, but requires a multi-national approach at an ocean-basin scale, such as an agreement for the conservation of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea.