Attributes of environments supporting walking
Attributes of environments supporting walking
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DOI：
10.4278/0890-1171-21.5.448
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Weathers, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moudon, Anne Vernez;Lee, Chanam;Weathers, Robert D.
目的.本研究建立了一个框架，审计环境支持步行在neighborhoods. Design。使用电话调查和200个客观环境变量进行横断面分析。城市化的国王县，华盛顿州。608名随机抽样的成年人。从调查问题中构建的步行措施，从地理信息系统中的地块级数据库中采取的客观环境措施。多项模型估计了人们进行适度步行（< 149分钟/周）和步行足以满足健康建议（150+分钟/周）的几率，相对于不步行;以及充分步行，相对于适度步行。基础模型由调查变量组成，最终模型包括调查和环境变量。与步行充分增强健康密切相关的调查变量包括家庭收入、步行没有困难、使用交通工具、感知步行的社会支持、在社区外行走和养狗（p <0.01）。该模型充分隔离了与步行相关的14个环境变量（伪R-2高达0.46）。到社区目的地的距离测量结果占主导地位：到杂货店/市场，餐馆和零售店的距离较短，但到办公室或混合用途建筑的距离较长（p <0.01或0.05）。受访者的包裹密度也与充分行走密切相关（p <0.01）。本研究为社区步行适宜性的评价提供了有效的环境指标。
Purpose. This study established a framework to audit environments supporting walking in neighborhoods.Design. Cross-sectional analysis using a telephone survey and 200 objective environmental variables.Setting. Urbanized King County, WA.Subjects. 608 randomly sampled adults.Measures. Walking measures constructed from survey questions, objective environmental measures taken from parcel-level databases in Geographic Information Systems.Analysis. Multinomial models estimated the odds of people engaging in moderate walking (< 149 min/wk) and in walking sufficiently to meet recommendations for health (150+ min/wk), relative to not walking; and in walking sufficiently, relative to walking moderately. A base model consisted of survey variables, and final models incorporated both survey and environmental variables.Results. Survey variables strongly associated with walking sufficiently to enhance health included household income, not having difficulty walking, using transit, perceiving social support for walking, walking outside of the neighborhood, and having a dog (p < .01). The models isolated 14 environmental variables associated with walking sufficiently (pseudo R-2 up to 0.46). Measures of distance to neighborhood destinations dominated the results: shorter distances to grocery stores/markets, restaurants, and retail stores, but longer distances to Offices or mixed-use buildings (p < .01 or .05). The density of the respondent's parcel was also strongly associated with walking sufficiently (p < .01).Conclusions. The study offered valid environmental measures of neighborhood walkability.