Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: A review.
Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: A review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cnp.2016.12.003
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ugawa Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumoto H;Ugawa Y
在使用tdcs或tacs的实验中，没有严重不良反应的报道。Tdcs的持续不良反应主要是皮肤问题；对于tacs，还没有报道。还需要进一步的安全调查。经颅直流电刺激(Tdcs)和经颅交流电刺激(Tacs)因其能以微弱电流无痛、无创地调节人脑神经活动而被应用于许多研究领域。然而，无论是在tdcs还是tacs中，对于刺激参数的选择都没有正式的安全指南。作为收集制定安全指南所需信息的一种手段，在本文中，我们总结了tdcs和tacs的不良事件。在这两种刺激技术中，大多数不良反应都是轻微的，刺激后很快就会消失。然而，有几篇论文报道，在tdcs中，一些不良事件即使在刺激后仍然存在。持续的事件包括类似烧伤的皮肤损害，即使是健康人也可能出现这种情况，以及抑郁症患者的躁狂症或轻躁症。最近，一篇论文报道了一例儿童患者在TDC后出现癫痫，尽管刺激和癫痫之间的因果关系尚不清楚。由于这次癫痫发作是迄今报告的与tdcs有关的唯一严重不良事件，tdcs被认为是安全的。与此同时，在Tacs中，没有报告持续的不良事件，但关于Tacs安全性的报告比TDCs的安全性要少得多。因此，为了确定tdcs和tacs的安全性，我们需要不断地查阅文献，寻找关于这两种刺激技术不良事件的信息。还需要进一步的安全调查。
No serious adverse effects have been reported in experiments using either tDCS or tACS. Persistent adverse effects of tDCS are mainly skin problems; for tACS, none have been reported. Further safety investigations are needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) have been applied to many research issues because these stimulation techniques can modulate neural activity in the human brain painlessly and non-invasively with weak electrical currents. However, there are no formal safety guidelines for the selection of stimulus parameters in either tDCS or tACS. As a means of gathering the information that is needed to produce safety guidelines, in this article, we summarize the adverse events of tDCS and tACS. In both stimulation techniques, most adverse effects are mild and disappear soon after stimulation. Nevertheless, several papers have reported that, in tDCS, some adverse events persist even after stimulation. The persistent events consist of skin lesions similar to burns, which can arise even in healthy subjects, and mania or hypomania in patients with depression. Recently, one paper reported a pediatric patient presenting with seizure after tDCS, although the causal relationship between stimulation and seizure is not clear. As this seizure is the only serious adverse events yet reported in connection with tDCS, tDCS is considered safe. In tACS, meanwhile, no persistent adverse events have been reported, but considerably fewer reports are available on the safety of tACS than on the safety of tDCS. Therefore, to establish the safety of tDCS and tACS, we need to scan the literature continuously for information on the adverse events of both stimulation techniques. Further safety investigations are also required.