Performance of Electrically Small Conventional and Mechanical Antennas
Performance of Electrically Small Conventional and Mechanical Antennas
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DOI：
10.1109/tap.2019.2893329
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ward, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickford, James A.;Duwel, Amy E.;Ward, Paul A.
在极低频 (LF) 频段及以下频段工作的天线可用于多种应用，包括长距离和水下通信。当尺寸受限时，天线的电气尺寸很小并且效率很低。这激发了对低频天线设计新方法的需求。在这里，我们提出了通过机械运动产生电磁信号的天线的概念。我们首先回顾传统磁偶极子发射器和电偶极子发射器的生成场和效率。然后将其扩展到机械对应物以进行比较。我们的结果表明，当与低损耗机电悬架耦合时，磁铁或驻极体（磁铁的电气模拟）的运动可以有效地辐射电磁能。机械天线的空间尺寸为一米量级，理论上对于 1 kHz 及以下的频率，其性能可以超过传统短偶极子和线圈发射机的性能八个数量级以上。本文旨在为未来的开发奠定基础，包括实施高效、小尺寸、机械驱动的天线。
Antennas that operate in the very low frequency (LF) band and below are useful for a number of applications, including long-distance and underwater communication. When constrained in size, the antennas are electrically small and very inefficient. This has motivated the need for novel approaches to LF antenna design. Here, we present concepts for antennas that generate electromagnetic signals from mechanical motion. We first review the generated fields and efficiency of conventional magnetic and electric dipole transmitters. This is then extended to their mechanical counterparts for comparison. Our results show that the motion of magnets or electrets (the electrical analog of a magnet) can efficiently radiate electromagnetic energy when coupled to a low-loss electromechanical suspension. Mechanical antennas, with spatial dimensions on the order of a meter, can theoretically exceed the performance of conventional short dipole and coil transmitters by more than eight orders of magnitude for frequencies of 1 kHz and below. This paper is intended to lay the foundation for future development involving the implementation of efficient, small form-factor, mechanically actuated antennas.