Friction and wear of coated surfaces - scales, modelling and simulation of tribomechanisms
Friction and wear of coated surfaces - scales, modelling and simulation of tribomechanisms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.105
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发表时间：
2007-12-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wallin, Kim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holmberg, Kenneth;Ronkainen, Helena;Wallin, Kim
在表面涂覆一层薄层可以改变表面材料的性能，是控制摩擦磨损的重要工具。讨论了涂层表面的摩擦学机理、尺度效应和影响摩擦磨损的参数。其基本摩擦磨损机制可归结为：粘着摩擦、犁削和滞后摩擦以及粘着磨损、磨损和疲劳结合材料断裂磨损。将材料断裂前发生的摩擦化学效应、表面物理效应和表面疲劳作为纯表面材料改性机理来处理。通过解释金刚石和类金刚石涂层表面典型的与表面粗糙度有关的摩擦学机理，说明了摩擦学接触中的尺度效应。对于金刚石涂层，粗糙表面的粗糙连锁效应很重要，石墨化是光滑工程表面的主要机制，而悬挂键的氢化可能是物理光滑表面的关键。对于DLC涂层表面，表面石墨化对于较粗糙的表面很重要；建立转移层和石墨化对于光滑的工程表面至关重要，而悬挂键的氢化可以解释物理上光滑表面的超级润滑性。除了涂层厚度之外，对主要的表面参数，如顶面、涂层、涂层/基材界面和基材的弹性、塑性和断裂行为的分析构成了表面建模的基础。裂纹扩展的应力强度因子分析表明，同时考虑I型、II型和III型载荷、裂纹间距和裂纹位置的重要性，而裂纹方向、裂纹场中的位置以及载荷双轴性的影响较小。结果表明，表面三维有限元模拟是如何在纳米级、涂层/基材界面结合层内和裂纹周围产生应力和应变值的，并为更好地理解磨损的起源奠定了基础。(C)2007爱思唯尔B.V保留所有权利。
Coating a surface with a thin layer changes the surface material properties and is an important tool for controlling friction and wear. The tribological mechanisms, scale effects and parameters influencing the friction and wear of coated surfaces are discussed. The basic friction and wear mechanisms can be reduced to: friction by adhesion, ploughing and hysteresis and wear by adhesion, abrasion and fatigue combined with material fracture. The tribochemical and surface physical effects and surface fatigue taking place before material fracture are treated here as pure surface material modification mechanisms. Scale effects in a tribological contact are illustrated by explaining typical surface roughness related tribological mechanisms for diamond and DLC coated surfaces. For diamond coatings asperity interlocking effects are important for rough surfaces, graphitisation is a dominating mechanism for smooth engineering surfaces and hydrogenising of dangling bonds may be crucial for physically smooth surfaces. For DLC coated surfaces, surface graphitisation is important with rougher surfaces; building up transfer layers and graphitisation is crucial for smooth engineering surfaces and hydrogenising of dangling bonds can explain superlubricity for physically smooth surfaces. An analysis of dominating surface parameters such as elastic, plastic and fracture behaviour of the top surface, the coating, the coating/substrate interface and the substrate in addition to the coating thickness forms the basis for surface modelling. A stress intensity factor analysis of crack growth shows the importance of considering both modes I, II and III loading, crack spacing and location of crack, while crack orientation, location in crack field as well as load biaxiality have minor influences. It is shown how surface 3D FEM modelling generates stress and strain values at the nano level, within bond layers at coating/substrate interfaces and around cracks and forms the basis for better understanding the origin of wear. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.