Observing Global Surface Water Flood Dynamics

Observing Global Surface Water Flood Dynamics
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观察全球地表水洪水动态

DOI:
10.1007/s10712-013-9269-4
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Bates P
Bates P
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bates P

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洪水波沿着河流系统移动,既是全球重要的生物地球化学和生态过程的关键决定因素,在特定时间和特定地点,也是一种主要的环境危害。在发达国家,有复杂的观测网络和辅助数据,例如水道测深和洪泛区地形,可以用来了解和模拟洪水。但是,在全球范围内,卫星数据目前是进行这类研究的唯一手段。目前,还没有专门用于观测地表水动力学的卫星任务,因此,地表水科学家使用了一系列为其他目的开发的传感器,这些传感器显然不适合手头的任务。然而,通过仔细结合从地形测绘、海洋学、冰冻圈和大地测量卫星获得的数据,可以在了解世界上一些主要河流、洪泛平原和湿地系统方面取得进展。本文综述了全球范围内可供水文工作者使用的地表水数据集以及该领域的最新进展。此外,本文期待拟议的NASA/CNES地表水海洋地形卫星任务,该任务可能首次提供满足水文界需求的仪器。
Flood waves moving along river systems are both a key determinant of globally important biogeochemical and ecological processes and, at particular times and particular places, a major environmental hazard. In developed countries, sophisticated observing networks and ancillary data, such as channel bathymetry and floodplain terrain, exist with which to understand and model floods. However, at global scales, satellite data currently provide the only means of undertaking such studies. At present, there is no satellite mission dedicated to observing surface water dynamics and, therefore, surface water scientists make use of a range of sensors developed for other purposes that are distinctly sub-optimal for the task in hand. Nevertheless, by careful combination of the data available from topographic mapping, oceanographic, cryospheric and geodetic satellites, progress in understanding some of the world’s major river, floodplain and wetland systems can be made. This paper reviews the surface water data sets available to hydrologists on a global scale and the recent progress made in the field. Further, the paper looks forward to the proposed NASA/CNES Surface Water Ocean Topography satellite mission that may for the first time provide an instrument that meets the needs of the hydrology community.
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