UTCI-Why another thermal index?
UTCI-Why another thermal index?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Havenith, George
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jendritzky, Gerd;de Dear, Richard;Havenith, George
在公共气象服务、公共卫生系统、预防性规划、城市设计、旅游和娱乐以及气候影响研究等领域，现有的热环境评估程序存在重大缺陷。这是最明显的简单（主要是两个参数）的指数，当比较他们自20世纪60年代以来开发的完整的热收支模型。ISB第6委员会提出了根据最先进的温度调节多节点模型制定通用热气候指数（UTCI）的想法，该模型代表了过去三四十年来在热生理学和热交换理论方面的科学进步。为UTCI的发展创造必要的研究协同作用，需要汇集热生理学、数学建模、职业医学、气象数据处理（特别是辐射建模）和应用开发等领域的多学科专家的资源。通过COST（一个促进科学和技术合作的欧洲方案）行动730，有可能大大扩展ISB第6委员会的专门知识，因此，最终来自23个国家（澳大利亚、加拿大、以色列、几个欧洲国家、新西兰和美国）的45名科学家共同努力。这项工作是在气象组织气候学委员会的主持下进行的。经过广泛的评估，Fiala的多节点人体生理学和热舒适模型（FPC）被用于本研究。该模型得到了广泛的验证，应用了其他研究小组尚未使用的数据，并为项目的目的进行了扩展。该模型与最先进的服装模型相结合，考虑到一般城市人口对实际环境温度对服装绝缘的行为适应。UTCI然后被概念性地推导为等效温度（ET）。因此，对于空气温度、风、辐射和湿度（应力）的任何组合，UTCI被定义为将引起生理模型的相同动态响应（应变）的参考条件的等温空气温度。由于UTCI基于当代科学，它的使用将扩展人类生物统计学主要领域的应用，从而使研究结果具有可比性和生理相关性。
Existing procedures for the assessment of the thermal environment in the fields of public weather services, public health systems, precautionary planning, urban design, tourism and recreation and climate impact research exhibit significant shortcomings. This is most evident for simple (mostly two-parameter) indices, when comparing them to complete heat budget models developed since the 1960s. ISB Commission 6 took up the idea of developing a Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) based on the most advanced multi-node model of thermoregulation representing progress in science within the last three to four decades, both in thermo-physiological and heat exchange theory. Creating the essential research synergies for the development of UTCI required pooling the resources of multidisciplinary experts in the fields of thermal physiology, mathematical modelling, occupational medicine, meteorological data handling (in particular radiation modelling) and application development in a network. It was possible to extend the expertise of ISB Commission 6 substantially by COST (a European programme promoting Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action 730 so that finally over 45 scientists from 23 countries (Australia, Canada, Israel, several Europe countries, New Zealand, and the United States) worked together. The work was performed under the umbrella of the WMO Commission on Climatology (CCl). After extensive evaluations, Fiala's multi-node human physiology and thermal comfort model (FPC) was adopted for this study. The model was validated extensively, applying as yet unused data from other research groups, and extended for the purposes of the project. This model was coupled with a state-of-the-art clothing model taking into consideration behavioural adaptation of clothing insulation by the general urban population in response to actual environmental temperature. UTCI was then derived conceptually as an equivalent temperature (ET). Thus, for any combination of air temperature, wind, radiation, and humidity (stress), UTCI is defined as the isothermal air temperature of the reference condition that would elicit the same dynamic response (strain) of the physiological model. As UTCI is based on contemporary science its use will standardise applications in the major fields of human biometeorology, thus making research results comparable and physiologically relevant.