Implicit Bias Is Behavior: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Implicit Bias
Implicit Bias Is Behavior: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Implicit Bias
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691619855638
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发表时间：
2019-08-02
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
De Houwer, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Houwer, Jan
内隐偏见通常被视为一种隐藏在人们内心的力量，使他们做出不恰当的行为。这种观点可能会引起人们对人们有隐性偏见这一观点的抵制，并使对隐性偏见的研究复杂化。我提出了另一种观点，认为内隐偏见是一种行为现象。更具体地说，它被视为一种自动受到他人所属社会群体暗示影响的行为。这种行为观点不太可能引起抵制，因为内隐偏见被视为人们所做而不是拥有的东西，因为它清楚地将行为现象与其规范含义分开。此外，内隐联想测试等实验任务的表现被视为内隐偏见行为的一个实例，而不是隐性心理偏见的代表。因为这些任务允许实验控制，它们为研究社会线索对行为的自动影响，预测其他偏见行为的实例，以及教育人们关于隐性偏见行为提供了理想的工具。行为视角不仅改变了我们对内隐偏见的看法，而且改变了内隐偏见研究的目的，并揭示了与其他行为研究方法（如网络建模）的联系。
Implicit bias is often viewed as a hidden force inside people that makes them perform inappropriate actions. This perspective can induce resistance against the idea that people are implicitly biased and complicates research on implicit bias. I put forward an alternative perspective that views implicit bias as a behavioral phenomenon. more specifically, it is seen as behavior that is automatically influenced by cues indicative of the social group to which others belong. This behavioral perspective is less likely to evoke resistance because implicit bias is seen as something that people do rather than possess and because it clearly separates the behavioral phenomenon from its normative implications. Moreover, performance on experimental tasks such as the Implicit Association Test is seen an instance of implicitly biased behavior rather than a proxy of hidden mental biases. Because these tasks allow for experimental control, they provide ideal tools for studying the automatic impact of social cues on behavior, for predicting other instances of biased behavior, and for educating people about implicitly biased behavior. The behavioral perspective not only changes the way we think about implicit bias but also shifts the aims of research on implicit bias and reveals links with other behavioral approaches such as network modeling.