Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel‐bed streams
Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel‐bed streams
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使用冲击板地震检波器进行底土输送测量：不同砾石床流中传感器校准的比较
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
H. Habersack
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作者：
D. Rickenmann;J. Turowski;B. Fritschi;C. Wyss;J. Laronne;Ronel Barzilai;I. Reid;Andrea Kreisler;J. Aigner;H. Seitz;H. Habersack
间接推移质输运测量已与瑞士板检波器系统在五个砾石床山溪。这些地震检波器传感器记录推移质颗粒在与河床齐平安装的钢板上的运动。为了校准地震检波器系统，同时进行了直接推移质输运测量。在瑞士的Erlenbach，使用了移动篮采样器。在奥地利的菲施巴赫河和鲁茨河，Helley-Smith型推移质采样器提供了校准测量结果。在奥地利的罗芬纳奇河使用了一个邦特型底沙捕集器。在以色列的Nahal Eshtemoa，使用了Reid型槽式推移质采样器。为了表征地震检波器信号对撞击在板上的推移质颗粒的响应，根据原始信号计算地震检波器汇总值，并以1秒的间隔存储。脉冲的数量，即高于地震检波器输出信号的预定义阈值的峰值的数量，与现场测量的砾石运输载荷很好地相关，并且被发现是一个稳健的参数。脉冲与砾石运输荷载的关系通常接近线性，但校准关系的陡度因场地而异。通过比较来自不同现场的校准测量值，并利用初步水槽实验期间获得的见解，它已经有可能确定的主要因素，负责现场的具体差异的校准系数。对这些标定测量结果的分析表明，检波器信号也包含了一些有关推移质粒度分布的信息。版权所有© 2013约翰威利父子有限公司.
Indirect bedload transport measurements have been made with the Swiss plate geophone system in five gravel‐bed mountain streams. These geophone sensors record the motion of bedload particles transported over a steel plate mounted flush with the channel bed. To calibrate the geophone system, direct bedload transport measurements were undertaken simultaneously. At the Erlenbach in Switzerland, a moving‐basket sampler was used. At the Fischbach and Ruetz streams in Austria, a Helley–Smith type bedload sampler provided the calibration measurements. A Bunte‐type bedload trap was used at the Rofenache stream in Austria. At the Nahal Eshtemoa in Israel, Reid‐type slot bedload samplers were used. To characterize the response of the geophone signal to bedload particles impacting on the plate, geophone summary values were calculated from the raw signal and stored at one second intervals. The number of impulses, i.e. the number of peaks above a pre‐defined threshold value of the geophone output signal, correlated well with field measured gravel transport loads and was found to be a robust parameter. The relations of impulses to gravel transport loads were generally near‐linear, but the steepness of the calibration relations differed from site to site. By comparing the calibration measurements from the different field sites and utilizing insights gained during preliminary flume experiments, it has been possible to identify the main factors that are responsible for site specific differences in the calibration coefficient. The analysis of these calibration measurements indicates that the geophone signal also contains some information about the grain size distribution of bedload. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.