Tropical Medicine and Animal Diseases: Onderstepoort and the Development of Veterinary Science in South Africa 1908-1950.
Tropical Medicine and Animal Diseases: Onderstepoort and the Development of Veterinary Science in South Africa 1908-1950.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/03057070500202139
复制
发表时间：
2005-09
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Brown, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Karen
本文追溯了比勒陀利亚附近的Onderstepoort兽医研究所从1908年成立到20世纪50年代农业科学的发展，到那时，许多动物传染病和动物传染病要么已经被根除，要么通过各种形式的预防在很大程度上得到控制。该研究所展示了南非畜牧工业的政治和经济意义，以及科学发现可以增加产出的信念。在此期间，研究人员阐明了迄今为止神秘疾病的病因和来源，如lamsiekte， geeldikkop和非洲马蹄病。他们开发了疫苗，其中一些在国际上被采用。他们调查的性质表明，兽医科学越来越需要的不仅仅是生物医学程序的进步。从20世纪20年代开始，生态因素，特别是草原的营养状况，成为一个优先事项，因为兽医认为它们的功能是促进动物健康和消除疾病。处理传染性感染也采用了不太受欢迎、有时颇具争议的疾病控制方法。牧民法规的强制执行说明了南非国家权力的扩张，这是建立在科学合法性假设的基础上的。这篇文章还探讨了非洲社区和移民农民对兽医知识制度化的贡献，以及南非科学家在殖民地以及日益国际化的科学文化的演变中所发挥的作用。
This article traces the development of agricultural science at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, near Pretoria, from its founding in 1908 until the 1950s, by which time many enzootic and epizootic diseases had either been eradicated, or were largely controllable through various forms of prophylaxis. The Institute demonstrated the political and economic significance attributed to the pastoral industry in South Africa and the conviction that scientific discoveries could increase output. During this period, researchers explicated the aetiology and provenance of hitherto mysterious diseases such as lamsiekte, geeldikkop and African horsesickness. They developed vaccines, some of which were adopted internationally. The nature of their investigations showed that veterinary science increasingly entailed more than just progress in biomedical procedures. Ecological factors, in particular the nutritional state of the veld, became a priority from the 1920s onwards as veterinarians saw their function as promoting animal health as well as eliminating disease. Dealing with contagious infections also incorporated less welcome, and at times controversial, approaches to disease control. The imposition of pastoral regulations illustrated the expanding powers of the South African state, founded on presumptions of scientific legitimacy. The article also explores the contribution made by African communities and settler farmers to the institutionalisation of veterinary knowledge, as well as the role South African researchers played in the evolution of a colonial, as well as an increasingly international, scientific culture.