Depth and substratum differentiations among coexisting herbivorous cichlids in Lake Tanganyika.
Depth and substratum differentiations among coexisting herbivorous cichlids in Lake Tanganyika.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.160229
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ochi H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hata H;Ochi H
坦噶尼喀湖的慈鲷鱼代表了一个适应性辐射系统，其中八个祖先谱系通过适应各种生态位而多样化为数百个物种。然而，唐安依坎慈鲷一直被认为是过饱和的，即物种数量超过生态位的数量，生态等效和竞争甚至物种共存。然而，最近的研究揭示了生态位分离在一个更细的尺度之间的明显等同的物种。我们观察了15个食草慈鲷的深度和基质的偏好，从4个生态型（即食草动物，浏览器，刮刀和scooper）的岩石沿岸的斜坡14年。深度分化检测之间的食草动物，捍卫喂养领土和浏览器之间的喂养领土。没有觅食领域的慈鲷物种也表现出深度和基质的特异性，属于同一生态类型的物种之间的栖息地隔离。系统发育接近的物种没有占据相邻的深度，也没有相反的深度区。我们的研究结果表明，显然相同的ecomorph的等价物种共存parapatrically沿着深度在几米的尺度上，或共存于不同的基层偏好的岩石海岸，这种生态位隔离可能已经获得了通过重复的湖泊水平波动遇到等价物种之间的竞争。
Cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika represent a system of adaptive radiation in which eight ancestral lineages have diversified into hundreds of species through adaptation to various niches. However, Tanganyikan cichlids have been thought to be oversaturated, that is, the species number exceeds the number of niches and ecologically equivalent and competitively even species coexist. However, recent studies have shed light on niche segregation on a finer scale among apparently equivalent species. We observed depth and substratum preferences of 15 herbivorous cichlids from four ecomorphs (i.e. grazer, browser, scraper and scooper) on a rocky littoral slope for 14 years. Depth differentiation was detected among grazers that defended feeding territories and among browsers with feeding territories. Cichlid species having no feeding territory also showed specificity on depth and substratum, resulting in habitat segregation among species that belong to the same ecomorph. Phylogenetically close species did not occupy adjacent depths, nor the opposite depth zones. Our findings suggest that apparently equivalent species of the same ecomorph coexist parapatrically along depth on a few-metre scale, or coexist with different substratum preferences on the rocky shore, and this niche segregation may have been acquired by competition between encountering equivalent species through repetitive lake-level fluctuations.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hata H;Shibata J;Omori K;Kohda M;Hori M
通讯作者：
Hori M
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Karino, K
通讯作者：
Karino, K
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Higgins, SN;Kling, HJ;Bootsma, HA
通讯作者：
Bootsma, HA
影响因子：
2
作者：
KUWAMURA, T
通讯作者：
KUWAMURA, T
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Hata H;Tanabe AS;Yamamoto S;Toju H;Kohda M;Hori M
通讯作者：
Hori M