FORAGING AND BREEDING ADAPTATIONS TO DIFFERENT FOOD REGIMES IN 3 SEABIRDS - COMMON TERN, STERNA-HIRUNDO, ROYAL TERN, STERNA-MAXIMA, AND BLACK SKIMMER, RYNCHOPS-NIGER
FORAGING AND BREEDING ADAPTATIONS TO DIFFERENT FOOD REGIMES IN 3 SEABIRDS - COMMON TERN, STERNA-HIRUNDO, ROYAL TERN, STERNA-MAXIMA, AND BLACK SKIMMER, RYNCHOPS-NIGER
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DOI：
10.2307/1935613
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
ERWIN, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ERWIN, RM
对皇家燕鸥的觅食和繁殖生态学进行了研究。[= Thalasseus] maxima，普通燕鸥（common tern）、大斑石首鱼（S. hirundo和黑撇嘴鱼R.尼日尔，根据食物资源进行比较。1973年和1974年在美国的两个堰洲岛进行的实地研究表明，3个种属。在觅食范围和栖息地利用，社会觅食倾向和群体大小和分布方面存在显着差异。研究了这些行为和生态差异与不同食物模式的关系。对来自近岸（< 50 m）沃茨的海滩围网记录的分析与来自弗吉尼亚州东海岸和特拉华州湾的离岸（> 3 km）沃茨的拖网围网和拖网收集进行了对比。空间变异性（采样点之间的变化）远大于近海，表明更大的斑块的鱼类。此外，水面鱼类的供应似乎随着时间的推移而明显波动。为了应对这些食物制度的差异，皇家燕鸥，饲料进一步从殖民地比普通燕鸥和黑色撇嘴鸥，很容易形成喂养聚集，表现出较大的每日变化，在喂养的年轻人，是最殖民的巢间距，殖民地的大小和分布。严格近岸摄食的剪嘴鸥通常单独摄食，摄食的变异性很小，并形成了3种剪嘴鸥的散在群体。普通的蜘蛛在各方面都是中等的。种间群体倾向的差异与2个较早的繁殖聚集和食物分布模型的预测一致。
Aspects of foraging and breeding ecology of the royal tern, S. [= Thalasseus] maxima, common tern, S. hirundo, and black skimmer, R. niger, were compared in light of the food resource. Field studies conducted in 1973 and 1974 in the USA on 2 of Virginia''s barrier islands revealed that the 3 spp. differed markedly in foraging ranges and habitat use, social feeding tendencies and colony sizes and distribution. How these behavioral and ecological differences are related to the different regimes of food patterns was studied. Analysis of beach seine records from inshore (< 50 m) waters were contrasted with haul seine and trawl collections from offshore (> 3 km) waters from both the Eastern Shore of Virginia and the Delaware Bay. Spatial variability (between sampling site variation) was much greater offshore than inshore, indicating greater patchiness of fish. Also, the availability of surfacing fish appeared to fluctuate markedly over time. In response to these food regime differences, royal terns, which feed further from the colony than common terns and black skimmers, readily formed feeding aggregations, showed large daily variability in feeding the young, and were the most colonial in nest-spacing, colony size and distribution. The strictly inshore-feeding skimmers usually fed alone, showed little variability in feeding, and formed the loosest colonies of the 3 spp. Common terns were intermediate in all respects. The differences in the colonial tendencies among the species are consistent with the predictions of 2 earlier models relating breeding assemblages and food distribution.