Phase Separation and Mechanical Forces in Regulating Asymmetric Cell Division of Neural Stem Cells.

Phase Separation and Mechanical Forces in Regulating Asymmetric Cell Division of Neural Stem Cells.
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调节神经干细胞不对称细胞分裂的相分离和机械力

DOI:
10.3390/ijms221910267
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发表时间:
2021-09-24
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Wen W
Wen W
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang Y;Wei H;Wen W

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神经干细胞和祖细胞的不对称细胞分裂(ACD)不仅更新了干细胞群体,而且还确保了神经系统的正常发育,在大脑中产生具有不同形状和功能的各种类型的神经元。实现ACD的一个主要机制是胞内蛋白质和细胞器不对称定位和不均匀分离到同胞细胞中。最近的研究表明,液-液相分离(LLPS)提供了一个潜在的机制,形成无膜生物分子凝聚物,是不对称分布在有限的膜区域。此外,机械力已成为关键的调节不对称神经干细胞分裂产生兄弟细胞大小的不对称。在这篇综述中,我们将总结最近发现的ACD机制驱动的LLPS和机械力。
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) of neural stem cells and progenitors not only renews the stem cell population but also ensures the normal development of the nervous system, producing various types of neurons with different shapes and functions in the brain. One major mechanism to achieve ACD is the asymmetric localization and uneven segregation of intracellular proteins and organelles into sibling cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) provides a potential mechanism for the formation of membrane-less biomolecular condensates that are asymmetrically distributed on limited membrane regions. Moreover, mechanical forces have emerged as pivotal regulators of asymmetric neural stem cell division by generating sibling cell size asymmetry. In this review, we will summarize recent discoveries of ACD mechanisms driven by LLPS and mechanical forces.
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