Gender Roles, Gender (In)equality and Fertility: An Empirical Test of Five Gender Equity Indices
Gender Roles, Gender (In)equality and Fertility: An Empirical Test of Five Gender Equity Indices
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性别角色、性别（不）平等和生育率：五项性别平等指数的实证检验
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
M. Mills
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作者：
M. Mills
家庭中的性别角色划分和社会层面的性别（不）平等已被视为生育行为背后最有力的因素之一。尽管人口统计学家在理论上持续关注这一问题，但将性别角色和公平与生育率相结合的实证研究仍然少得可怜。本文首先简要回顾了以往研究性别角色和生育率的研究，然后比较了六个重要的性别平等指数：性别相关发展指数（GDI）、性别赋权指标（GEM）、性别差距指数（GGI）、性别平等指数（GEI）、欧盟性别平等指数（EU-GEI）以及社会制度和性别指数（SIGI）。然后，本文应用欧洲社会调查 (2004/5)，使用一系列多级（随机系数）逻辑回归模型测试了其中五个指数如何影响生育意向和行为。 GDI 强调人类发展并根据性别进行调整，对生育意向具有最强且显着的影响。 EU-GEI 专注于全民看护者模式，它发现，更多的公平会显着降低生育意愿，但仅限于女性。其余指标无显着影响。论文最后对未来的研究进行了反思和建议。
The division of gender roles in the household and societal level gender (in)equality have been situated as one of the most powerful factors underlying fertility behaviour. Despite continued theoretical attention to this issue by demographers, empirical research integrating gender roles and equity in relation to fertility remains surprisingly sparse. This paper first provides a brief review of previous research that has examined gender roles and fertility followed by a comparison of six prominent gender equality indices: Gender-related Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), Gender Gap Index (GGI), Gender Equality Index (GEI), the European Union Gender Equality Index (EU-GEI) and the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The paper then tests how five of these indices impact fertility intentions and behaviour using a series of multilevel (random-coefficient) logistic regression models, applying the European Social Survey (2004/5). The GDI, with its emphasis on human development, adjusted for gender, has the strongest and significant effect on fertility intentions. The EU-GEI, which focuses on the universal caregiver model, uncovers that more equity significantly lowers fertility intentions, but only for women. The remaining indicators show no significant impact. The paper concludes with a reflection and suggestions for future research.