Aufbau und Regelung aktiver Magnetführungen
Aufbau und Regelung aktiver Magnetführungen
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磁力激活和调整
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Ruskowski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ruskowski
主动控制磁导轨为广泛的机械工程应用提供了新的前景。由于从根本上避免了摩擦和磨损，加上高，可调的阻尼比，磁性导轨可以增加高速切割机的可实现进给动态。本论文的研究内容涉及磁导的各个方面。涵盖的主题包括磁导轨的结构、元件、建模、控制和实际应用。主要重点是新开发的铣床的磁导z轴。此外，在小尺度模型上进行了一些基础研究。对磁性导轨可能设置的分析，包括文献中的几个实际例子，导致涉及机床应用的优化磁铁安排。彻底考虑了基本物理和有源元件，设计了一套完整的工业兼容硬件元件，用于实际实现磁导轨。此外，提出了一种基于模块化模型的多自由度控制方法。本论文的主要重点是研究磁性导轨与接触式导轨，特别是滚子轴承直线导轨的柔度特性。特别地，这两种类型的导轨的性质，检查与机床的应用。通过一个滚子轴承导轨和两个磁导轨的实际试验验证了理论结果。结果表明，适当设计的磁导轨的刚度与滚子轴承导轨的刚度相当。此外，它们的高阻尼比使磁性导轨不易受自激颤振的影响。实际铣削试验证实，磁性导轨可以应用于机床。主动控制导轨的一个巨大潜力在于有机会直接在导轨上施加力。本文提出了一种多自由度振动主动控制算法，实现了对周期性外力的补偿。因此，在稳态情况下，导轨的动态顺应性几乎减少到零。通过实际铣削试验验证了该算法的适用性和有效性。关键词：机床，直线导轨，振动主动控制
Actively controlled magnetic guides offer new prospects for a wide spectrum of mechanical engineering applications. Because of the fundamental avoidance of friction and wear together with a high, adjustable damping ratio, magnetic guides allow for an increase in the achievable feed dynamics of high-speed cutting machines. This dissertation covers a wide range of aspects concerning magnetic guides. The topics covered include the structure, components, modelling, control and practical application of magnetic guides. The main focus is on the magnetically guided z-axis of a newly developed milling machine. Further, several basic investigations are performed on a small-scale model. An analysis of possible set-ups for magnetic guides, comprising several practical examples from the literature, leads to an optimised magnet arrangement for applications involving machine tools. A thorough consideration of the fundamental physics and the active components results in the design of a complete set of industry-compatible hardware components for the practical realisation of magnetic guides. In addition, a multidegree-of-freedom control based on modular models is presented. The main focus of this dissertation is the investigation of the compliance behaviour of magnetic guides in comparison to contacting guides, especially roller-bearing linear guides. In particular, the properties of both types of guide are examined with respect to machine tool applications. Theoretical results are validated by practical tests on one roller-bearing guide and two magnetic guides. The results show the stiffness of an adequately designed magnetic guide to be comparable to that of roller-bearing guides. Further, their high damping ratio makes magnetic guides less susceptible to self-induced chatter vibrations. Practical milling tests confirm that magnetic guides can be applied to machine tools. One large potential for actively controlled guides lies in the opportunity to apply forces directly in the guides. In this dissertation a multi-degree-of-freedom active vibration control algorithm has been developed to enable a compensation of external, periodic forces. Thus, the dynamic compliance of the guide is reduced almost to zero in the steady-state case. The applicability and effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated in practical milling tests. key words: machine tools, linear guides, active vibration control