The Puzzle of Spatial Sex Differences: Current Status and Prerequisites to Solutions
The Puzzle of Spatial Sex Differences: Current Status and Prerequisites to Solutions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/cdep.12389
复制
发表时间：
2020-10-22
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Newcombe, Nora S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newcombe, Nora S.
在这篇综述中，我总结了我们对空间技能中性别相关差异的发展、其潜在的可塑性及其可能原因的了解。目前的证据表明，性别差异随着年龄的增长而增大，至少对于适合跨发展使用的评估技能而言是如此。然而，男性的优势从不存在到显着不等，具体取决于评估的技能、任务参数和文化。训练和练习可以提高空间技能，尽管迄今为止测试的干预措施并没有消除男性优势（如果有的话）。随着年龄、任务变化和文化变化而增加的复杂模式对因果关系的理论化提出了挑战。要取得进展，需要确定空间域的潜在认知和神经结构，开发适合广泛年龄范围使用的可靠且有效的评估工具，从各种文化环境中收集大量数据集，并确定和研究增长和变化的具体机制。
In this review, I summarize what we know about the development of sex-related differences in spatial skills, their potential malleability, and their possible causes. Current evidence suggests that sex differences increase in size with age, at least for skills with assessments suitable for use across development. However, male advantages vary from nonexistent to substantial, depending on the skills assessed, task parameters, and culture. Training and practice can improve spatial skills, although interventions tested so far do not eliminate the male advantage (when there is one). The complex pattern of increases with age, task variation, and cultural variation challenges efforts to theorize about causation. Progress requires identifying the underlying cognitive and neural structure of the spatial domain, developing reliable and valid assessment tools suitable for use across wide age ranges, gathering large datasets from a variety of cultural settings, and identifying and investigating specific mechanisms for growth and change.