Exposure to Man-Made Mineral Fibers: A Summary of Current Animal Data
Exposure to Man-Made Mineral Fibers: A Summary of Current Animal Data
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接触人造矿物纤维：当前动物数据摘要
DOI：
10.1177/074823379000600207
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
C. Wheeler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Wheeler
吸入石棉纤维（青石棉、温石棉和铁石棉）与许多肺部疾病的发生有关，包括肺癌、石棉沉滞症和间皮瘤。造成这些影响的机制尚未得到很好的表征，但通常认为与这些材料的纤维性质有关。因此，人们也对其他纤维材料（包括人造矿物纤维）的潜在健康影响表示担忧。人造矿物纤维正在广泛的产品中用作石棉的替代品。然而，关于这些纤维材料的潜在健康影响的数据相对较少。流行病学和临床研究是关于各种环境污染物影响的重要信息来源，但迄今为止还不足以完全解决人造矿物纤维对健康的潜在影响。这部分是由于这些材料中的一些是最近才引入的，在临床症状出现之前的潜伏期很长，以及一般而言，与这些材料相关的接触水平较低。因此，已经进行了许多动物研究来预测或确认各种人造矿物纤维对人体的毒性。在接触人造矿物纤维的实验动物中诱发了纤维化和间皮瘤，尽管在职业接触的工人中始终没有观察到疾病。虽然对这种反应的机制知之甚少，但动物和细胞培养实验的信息表明，剂量、纤维尺寸和纤维耐久性是决定这些材料生物活性的最重要因素。本总结的目的是回顾来自动物和体外细胞实验的人造矿物纤维的这些和其他特性，以试图解决这些材料的潜在健康影响。应特别注意暴露途径、纤维类型和形态以及供试种属。将就今后的研究需要提出建议。
The inhalation of asbestos fibers (crocidolite, chrysotile and amosite) has been implicated in the development of a number of lung disorders including lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma. The mechanism responsible for these effects is not well characterized but is generally thought to be related to the fibrous nature of these materials. Therefore, concerns have also been raised as to the potential health impact of other fibrous materials including man-made mineral fibers. Man-made mineral fibers are being used as substitutes for asbestos in a wide range of products. However, relatively little data are available on the potential health impact of these fibrous materials. Epidemiology and clinical studies have served as an important source of information on the effect of various environmental pollutants, but have not been sufficient to date to fully address the potential health impact of man-made mineral fibers. This is due in part to the relatively recent introduction of a number of these materials, the long latency period before the onset of clinical symptoms, and in general, the lower exposure levels associated with these materials. Therefore, a number of animal studies have been performed to predict or confirm the toxicity of various man-made mineral fibers in humans. Both fibrosis and mesothelioma have been induced in experimental animals exposed to man-made mineral fibers although no disease has been consistently observed in occupationally exposed workers. While little is known about the mechanism of this response, information from animal and cell culture experiments indicate that dose, fiber dimension, and fiber durability are the most important factors in determining the biological activity of these materials. The purpose of this summary will be to review these and other properties of man-made mineral fibers from animal and in vitro cellular experimentation in an attempt to address the potential health impact of these materials. Particular attention will be placed on the route of exposure, fiber type and morphology, and species tested. Recommendations will be made as to future research needs.