The Hos2 Histone Deacetylase Controls Ustilago maydis Virulence through Direct Regulation of Mating-Type Genes.
The Hos2 Histone Deacetylase Controls Ustilago maydis Virulence through Direct Regulation of Mating-Type Genes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005134
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发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Ibeas JI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elías-Villalobos A;Fernández-Álvarez A;Moreno-Sánchez I;Helmlinger D;Ibeas JI
形态变化对于植物病原真菌在宿主中定殖至关重要。这些变化发生在其致病周期的特定阶段，以响应环境信号，并由转录因子介导，转录因子作为主调节因子。组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）在调节基因表达中起关键作用，例如通过局部调节染色质对转录调节因子的可接近性。已有研究表明HDAC在植物真菌的毒力中起重要作用。然而，通过HDAC控制真菌毒力的特定环境传感途径仍然缺乏特征。在这里，我们解决这个问题，使用玉米病原体玉米黑粉菌。我们发现HDAC Hos 2是U.玉米粉hos2的缺失消除了交配型基因的cAMP依赖性表达。此外，ChIP实验检测到Hos2与交配型基因的基因体结合，其在cAMP添加后与其表达水平成比例地增加。这些观察结果表明，Hos 2作为cAMP-PKA通路的下游组分，控制交配型基因的表达。有趣的是，我们发现，Clr 3，另一个HDAC存在于U。玉米也有助于交配型基因表达的cAMP依赖性调节，这表明Hos 2并不是参与该控制系统的唯一HDAC。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了新的见解HDACs在真菌植物病原体的作用。许多病原真菌需要经历形态变化才能感染宿主。通常，致病真菌从非致病性酵母样形式转变为极化的致病性丝状体。这种形态转换是由遗传调节的，并由特定的环境条件触发。组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）是染色质结构和基因表达的重要调节因子。在这项研究中，我们调查的HDACs作为目标的信号通路，激活真菌毒力程序响应特定的外部信号的作用。我们确定了两个特定的HDAC，Hos 2和Clr 3，这是所需的玉米黑粉菌，玉米黑粉菌的毒力。我们的研究结果表明，Hos2和Clr3在cAMP-PKA级联反应中发挥作用，这是一种在所有真核生物中保守的营养传感途径。
Morphological changes are critical for host colonisation in plant pathogenic fungi. These changes occur at specific stages of their pathogenic cycle in response to environmental signals and are mediated by transcription factors, which act as master regulators. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, for example by locally modulating the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulators. It has been reported that HDACs play important roles in the virulence of plant fungi. However, the specific environment-sensing pathways that control fungal virulence via HDACs remain poorly characterised. Here we address this question using the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis. We find that the HDAC Hos2 is required for the dimorphic switch and pathogenic development in U. maydis. The deletion of hos2 abolishes the cAMP-dependent expression of mating type genes. Moreover, ChIP experiments detect Hos2 binding to the gene bodies of mating-type genes, which increases in proportion to their expression level following cAMP addition. These observations suggest that Hos2 acts as a downstream component of the cAMP-PKA pathway to control the expression of mating-type genes. Interestingly, we found that Clr3, another HDAC present in U. maydis, also contributes to the cAMP-dependent regulation of mating-type gene expression, demonstrating that Hos2 is not the only HDAC involved in this control system. Overall, our results provide new insights into the role of HDACs in fungal phytopathogenesis. Many pathogenic fungi need to undergo morphological changes in order to infect their hosts. Typically, pathogenic fungi switch from a non-pathogenic yeast-like form to a polarised pathogenic filament. This morphological switch is regulated genetically and is triggered by specific environmental conditions. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression. In this study, we investigate the role of HDACs as targets of the signalling pathways that activate fungal virulence programs in response to specific external signals. We identify two specific HDACs, Hos2 and Clr3, that are required for the virulence of the corn smut fungus, Ustilago maydis. Our results reveal that Hos2 and Clr3 function in the cAMP-PKA cascade, a nutrient-sensing pathway conserved between all eukaryotes.