Tree diversity on sustainably certified and conventional coffee farms in Central America
Tree diversity on sustainably certified and conventional coffee farms in Central America
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-014-0851-y
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Quilo, Alma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haggar, Jeremy;Asigbaase, Michael;Quilo, Alma
遮荫咖啡农林业系统具有支持生物多样性的潜力。咖啡的可持续认证已被推广，作为一种激励手段，以维持这些系统，但迄今为止，几乎没有证据表明这是有效的。我们分析了树木多样性的小型有机和传统农场在缓冲区的三个保护区在哥斯达黎加，危地马拉和尼加拉瓜（后者包括一些大规模的传统和雨林联盟认证的农场）。有机农场有更大的农场级树种丰富度和香农多样性相比，传统的农场;估计本地树木物种丰富度在整个景观可能是更大的有机农场比传统的尼加拉瓜（48对28种），可能在危地马拉（23对15种）。有机农场比传统农场有更高的遮荫水平和更多的树木层。在危地马拉和尼加拉瓜，树种组成与农场是有机农场还是传统农场没有密切关系，尽管在组成群组内，有机农场往往具有更大的多样性。相比之下，哥斯达黎加的有机农场和传统农场大多属于不同的树种集群。在尼加拉瓜，大多数大型农场和所有雨林认证的农场形成了一个独特的物种组成集群，存在古老的森林物种，其中雨林农场具有更大的多样性。树荫的树种组成似乎主要是由于管理历史，但认证有效地区分那些农场更大的树木多样性。需要进行较长期的监测，以确定认证是否能够激励在保护区周围的缓冲区内保护或扩大生物多样性咖啡农林系统。
Shade coffee agroforestry systems have the potential to support biodiversity. Sustainable certification of coffee has been promoted as a means to provide incentives to maintain these systems, but as yet there is little evidence if this is effective. We analyzed tree diversity on smallholder organic and conventional farms in buffer zones of three conservation areas in Costa Rica, Guatemala and Nicaragua (the later included some large-scale conventional and Rainforest Alliance certified farms). Organic farms had greater farm level tree species richness and Shannon diversity compared to conventional farms; estimated native tree species richness across the landscape was probably greater on organic farms than conventional in Nicaragua (48 vs. 28 species respectively) and possibly in Guatemala (23 vs. 15 species respectively). Organic farms had higher shade levels and more tree strata than conventional farms. In Guatemala and Nicaragua tree species composition was not closely related to whether farms were organic or conventional, although within composition clusters, organic farms tended to have greater diversity. In contrast, organic and conventional farms in Costa Rica mostly belonged to different tree species clusters. In Nicaragua most large-scale farms, and all Rainforest certified farms, formed a distinct species composition cluster with presence of old-growth forest species and within which Rainforest farms had greater diversity. Tree species composition of the shade seems to be mainly due to management history; but certification effectively differentiates those farms with greater tree diversity. Longer-term monitoring is required to determine whether certification can be an incentive to conserve or expand biodiverse coffee agroforestry systems within the buffer zones around conservation areas.