Introducing the Self‐Cleaning FiLtrAtion for Water quaLity SenSors ( SC‐FLAWLeSS ) system
Introducing the Self‐Cleaning FiLtrAtion for Water quaLity SenSors ( SC‐FLAWLeSS ) system
复制标题
水质传感器自清洁过滤 (SC-FLAWLeSS) 系统简介
DOI：
10.1002/lom3.10377
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Van Horn, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khandelwal, Aashish;González‐Pinzón, Ricardo;Regier, Peter;Nichols, Justin;Van Horn, David J.
基于传感器的水质参数半连续观测对于理解土地利用、管理和降雨径流过程的变化如何在日至多年代际尺度上影响水质至关重要。虽然一些商业上可用的水质传感器在一系列浊度条件下都能正常工作，但其他仪器，包括那些用于测量营养物质浓度的仪器，在高浊度水域（bbb100浊度单位[NTU]）中不起作用，通常在大河、干旱陆地河流和沿海地区发现。在风暴期间尤其如此，当浑浊度的增加往往与营养物质运输的增加同时发生。在这里，我们展示了一种系统的开发和验证，该系统可以经济实惠地为水质传感器（SC - FLAWLeSS）提供自清洁过滤，并能够在高度浑浊的水中长期、半连续地收集数据。SC - FLAWLeSS系统采用三步过滤工艺：(1)入口粗筛去除直径为bb0 397μm的颗粒，(2)沉淀池沉淀，然后去除直径在10到397μm之间的颗粒，(3)自清洁，低成本，中空纤维膜技术去除≥0.2μm的颗粒。我们通过在实验室中测量硝酸盐传感器在受控的连续沉积物添加过程中的数据丢失来测试SC - FLAWLeSS系统，并通过监测干旱的里约热内卢格兰德河（美国新墨西哥州）中每小时采样分辨率的可溶性磷酸盐浓度来验证该系统。我们的数据表明，该系统可以解决原位光学和湿化学传感器所面临的与浊度相关的干扰问题，即使在浊度水平为100 - 10,000 NTU时也是如此。
Sensor‐based, semicontinuous observations of water quality parameters have become critical to understanding how changes in land use, management, and rainfall‐runoff processes impact water quality at diurnal to multidecadal scales. While some commercially available water quality sensors function adequately under a range of turbidity conditions, other instruments, including those used to measure nutrient concentrations, cease to function in high turbidity waters (> 100 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]) commonly found in large rivers, arid‐land rivers, and coastal areas. This is particularly true during storm events, when increases in turbidity are often concurrent with increases in nutrient transport. Here, we present the development and validation of a system that can affordably provide Self‐Cleaning FiLtrAtion for Water quaLity SenSors (SC‐FLAWLeSS), and enables long‐term, semicontinuous data collection in highly turbid waters. The SC‐FLAWLeSS system features a three‐step filtration process where: (1) a coarse screen at the inlet removes particles with diameter > 397μm, (2) a settling tank precipitates and then removes particles with diameters between 10 and 397μm, and (3) a self‐cleaning, low‐cost, hollow fiber membrane technology removes particles ≥ 0.2μm. We tested the SC‐FLAWLeSS system by measuring nitrate sensor data loss during controlled, serial sediment additions in the laboratory and validated it by monitoring soluble phosphate concentrations in the arid Rio Grande river (New Mexico, U.S.A.), at hourly sampling resolution. Our data demonstrate that the system can resolve turbidity‐related interference issues faced by in situ optical and wet chemistry sensors, even at turbidity levels > 10,000 NTU.