Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.0741
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发表时间：
2021-07-28
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Cheng, Brian S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Villeneuve, Andrew R.;Komoroske, Lisa M.;Cheng, Brian S.
物种内的种群往往表现出反映当地适应性的性状变异，并进一步塑造物种对气候变化作出反应的现有适应潜力。然而，我们对环境如何塑造性状变异的机械理解仍然很差。在这里，我们使用常见的花园实验，以量化在八个种群的海洋蜗牛Urosalpinx cinerea在北美大西洋和太平洋沿岸的温度梯度的热性能。然后，我们评估了热性能和环境指标之间的关系，从时间序列数据。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的模式的“混合”性状的性能适应，其中热最适产卵温度（共梯度变化）呈正相关，而最大性状的性能与季节长度（逆梯度变化）呈负相关。这种违反直觉的模式可能是因为在产卵季节的物候变化，即“冷”的人口推迟产卵，直到今年晚些时候，当温度较暖相比，“温暖”的人口产卵在今年早些时候，当温度较低。我们的研究结果表明，热性能的变化可以通过环境的多个方面来塑造，并与生物物候学和自然历史有关。因此，了解气候变化对生物体的影响，需要了解气候变化如何改变热环境的不同方面。
Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of 'mixed' trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima were positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern probably arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby 'cold' populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to 'warm' populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms, therefore, requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.