Long-range transport of Asian emissions to the West Pacific tropical tropopause layer

Long-range transport of Asian emissions to the West Pacific tropical tropopause layer
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亚洲排放物远距离传输至西太平洋热带对流层顶层

DOI:
10.1007/s10874-022-09430-7
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Moore, Fred
Moore, Fred
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Treadaway, Victoria;Atlas, Elliot;Schauffler, Sue;Navarro, Maria;Ueyama, Rei;Pfister, Leonhard;Thornberry, Troy;Rollins, Andrew;Elkins, James;Moore, Fred

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深层对流的快速输送是将活性卤化碳和其他痕量物质的表面排放输送到热带对流层顶的一个重要机制,对流层顶是输送到平流层的一个关键区域。最近的模型研究表明,向TTL输送的短寿命卤化碳的增加可能会延迟平流层臭氧的恢复。我们在这里报告测量TTL在西太平洋的短寿命的卤烃和其他微量气体,向东输送后,对流在亚洲上空的漂移。后向轨迹表明,采样的空气主要来自印度次大陆。虽然短寿命有机溴物种在背景混合比上没有显示出可测量的变化,但短寿命氯化有机物种高于背景混合比(二氯甲烷(Δ48.2 ppt)、1,2-二氯乙烷(Δ4.21 ppt)和氯仿(Δ4.85 ppt)),以及寿命较长的卤代物种,氯甲烷(Δ82.0 ppt)和溴甲烷(Δ1.91 ppt)。因此,这种输送的空气质量为TTL贡献了316 ppt的过量等效有效氯负荷,其中119 ppt来自短寿命氯化物质。非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)升高60 - 400%以上的背景混合比。NMHC测量被用来表征潜在的源区,这是一致的对流影响分析。测量结果表明,化学成分受到生物燃料/生物质燃烧和工业排放的严重影响。这项工作表明,对流可以使亚洲的排放物(包括寿命短的氯氟化碳)上升,并将它们输送到遥远的TTL。
Rapid transport by deep convection is an important mechanism for delivering surface emissions of reactive halocarbons and other trace species to the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), a key region of transport to the stratosphere. Recent model studies have indicated that increased delivery of short-lived halocarbons to the TTL could delay stratospheric ozone recovery. We report here measurements in the TTL over the western Pacific Ocean of short-lived halocarbons and other trace gases that were transported eastward after convective lofting over Asia. Back-trajectories indicate the sampled air primarily originated from the Indian subcontinent. While short-lived organic bromine species show no measurable change over background mixing ratios, short-lived chlorinated organic species were elevated above background mixing ratios (dichloromethane (Δ48.2 ppt), 1,2-dichloroethane (Δ4.21 ppt), and chloroform (Δ4.85 ppt)), as well as longer-lived halogenated species, methyl chloride (Δ82.0 ppt) and methyl bromide (Δ1.91 ppt). This transported air mass thus contributed an excess equivalent effective chlorine burden of 316 ppt, with 119 ppt from short lived chlorinated species, to the TTL. Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were elevated 60 - 400% above background mixing ratios. The NMHC measurements were used to characterize the potential source regions, which are consistent with the convective influence analysis. The measurements indicate a chemical composition heavily impacted by biofuel/biomass burning and industrial emissions. This work shows that convection can loft Asian emissions, including short-lived chlorocarbons, and transport them to the remote TTL.
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