An evolutionary and cultural biography of ginkgo
An evolutionary and cultural biography of ginkgo
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.7
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Crane, Peter R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crane, Peter R.
社会影响声明银杏是一种独特的活树，在植物进化和人类文化中具有独特的地位。它在园艺和行道树中很有价值，是可食用坚果的来源，在草药中很受欢迎，它在艺术、文学和宗教方面都被证明是鼓舞人心的。银杏也是1亿多年前繁衍生息的各种种子植物的活生生的纽带。随着最近发现的已灭绝的银杏近缘化石，以及最近的基因组测序草案，银杏提供了机会来增加公众对植物科学的了解和植物保护的重要性。是世界上最独特的树之一，没有活着的近亲。它是一个古老而一度多样化的谱系的最后幸存者，这个谱系几乎被更新世冰川灭绝，只在中国东部和中部的有限区域作为遗迹幸存下来。值得注意的是，从那时起，通过与人的联系，银杏经历了戏剧性的复兴。在中国、日本和韩国，它一直被认为是一种可食用的坚果，在东方宗教中也被尊崇。银杏也是世界上应用最广泛的行道树之一，已经成为一种受欢迎的园艺新奇事物，并在各种艺术中占据突出地位。它的叶子提取物是一种广泛使用的草药补充剂。在当前植物多样性受到威胁的背景下，银杏是一个好消息：一个不同寻常的典范，突显了人类如何为植物世界的物种生存做出贡献。
Societal Impact statementGinkgo biloba is a distinctive living tree with a unique place in plant evolution and human culture. It is valued in horticulture and as a street tree, is a source of edible "nuts" and popular in herbal medicine, and it has proved inspirational in art, literature, and religion. Ginkgo is also a living link to diverse seed plants that flourished over 100 million years ago. With recent discoveries of extinct fossil ginkgo relatives, and the recent draft sequence of its genome, ginkgo offers opportunities to increase public understanding of plant science and the importance of plant conservation.SummaryGinkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the world's most distinctive trees and has no close living relatives. It is the last survivor of an ancient and once diverse lineage that was almost extinguished by the Pleistocene glaciations and survived only as a relic in restricted areas of eastern and central China. Remarkably, since then, through its association with people, ginkgo has undergone a dramatic resurgence. In China, Japan, and Korea, it has long been prized as an edible nut and it is also revered in eastern religions. Ginkgo is also one of the world's most widely used street trees, has become a popular horticultural novelty, and has featured prominently in art of all kinds. Extracts from its leaves are a widely used herbal supplement. In the context of current threats to plant diversity, ginkgo is a good news story: an unusual exemplar that highlights how people can contribute to species survival in the world of plants.