Tick-borne encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
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DOI：
10.1007/s00115-016-0134-9
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Kaiser, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaiser, R.
蜱传脑炎（TBE）是人类中枢神经系统最重要的病毒性感染之一。在欧洲和亚洲，每年大约有1万例TBE被转诊到医院。TBE病毒（TBEV）主要通过蜱叮咬传播，但偶尔也通过未经高温消毒的羊奶传播。由于在流行地区，平均只有1- 3%的蜱感染了热带病病毒，临床表现率约为33%，每100-300次蜱叮咬中只有约1次导致疾病。潜伏期为5-28天，通常为两期发热。约50%患者表现为脑膜炎，40%表现为脑膜脑炎，10%表现为脑脊髓炎。血清中出现tbev特异性IgM和IgG抗体，脑脊液中细胞计数升高，证实了疑似诊断。目前还没有针对脑炎的特异性治疗方法，但它可以通过主动免疫成功地预防。
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most important viral infections of the human central nervous system. Approximately 10,000 cases of TBE are referred to hospitals in Europe and Asia each year. The TBE virus (TBEV) is mainly transmitted by tick bites but also occasionally by unpasteurized goat's milk. As in endemic areas on average only 1-3 % of ticks are infected with the TBEV and the clinical manifestation rate is approximately 33 %, only approximately 1 in every 100-300 tick bites leads to disease. The incubation period varies from 5-28 days and typically has a biphasic course of fever. The TBE manifests as meningitis in approximately 50 % of patients, as meningoencephalitis in 40 % and as encephalomyelitis in 10 %. The suspected diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of TBEV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and the presence of elevated cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid. No specific treatment for TBE is known but it can be successfully prevented by active immunization.