The full translational spectrum of prevention science.
The full translational spectrum of prevention science.
复制标题
预防科学的完整转化范围。
DOI：
10.1007/s13142-016-0396-6
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Fishbein,DianaH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fishbein,DianaH
新一代的研究现在表明，精神病理学风险的个体差异是由神经生理学和遗传底物的自我和环境调节引起的。这种跨学科模型表明，在任何特定的个体中，与高风险行为有关的遗传变异的数量，以及它们被经验和背景因素分类并最终被抑制或激活的方式，将有助于解释倾向和最终结果。因此，风险可以根据个人的特征和他/她的环境来放大或减少。这种由多学科产生的新兴研究在预防行为问题和促进恢复力方面具有非凡的潜力。然而，不幸的是，相关科学仍然过于筒仓，例如，研究人员专注于社会情绪和背景影响，独立于研究神经生物学和遗传过程的研究人员。然而，最近的趋势是对大脑和行为研究的蓬勃发展做出反应，有希望将基础科学纳入预防研究的整体模式。而且，从近未来的角度来看，最终目标是指导新的创新干预措施的开发并为政策变革提供信息。从本质上讲，科学现状突出表明需要一种跨学科和转化的预防模式。
A new generation of research now demonstrates that individual differences in risk for psychopathology result from intrapersonal and environmental modulation of neurophysiologic and genetic substrates. This transdisciplinary model suggests that, in any given individual, the number of genetic variants implicated in high-risk behaviors and the way in which they are assorted and ultimately suppressed or activated by experiential and contextual factors will help to explain propensity and ultimate outcomes. Thus, risk can be amplified or reduced based on characteristics of an individual and his/her environment.This emerging research generated by multiple disciplines has extraordinary potential for preventing behavioral problems and promoting resilience. Unfortunately, however, the relevant sciences continue to be overly silo’ed, for example, with researchers focusing on socio-emotional and contextual influences working independently from those studying neurobiologic and genetic processes. Recent trends, however, are responding to a burgeoning body of research on the brain and behavior, promising to increase integration of basic science into a holistic model of prevention research. And, near-futuristically, an end-goal is to guide development of new and innovative interventions and inform policy change. In essence, the state-of-the-science highlights the need for a transdisciplinary and translational model of prevention.