Identifying southwest Hispanics using nonmetric traits and the cultural profile
Identifying southwest Hispanics using nonmetric traits and the cultural profile
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00611.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Anderson, Bruce E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birkby, Walter H.;Fenton, Todd W.;Anderson, Bruce E.
由于美国西南西班牙裔人数不断增加，以及每年试图沿美国南部与墨西哥边境进入美国的外国人死亡人数庞大，亚利桑那州图森市皮马县法医办公室（PCOME）建立了新的个人分类方法。在过去5年的每一年，难民专员办事处都调查了与这些过境点有关的死亡人数。已查明的死者绝大多数是墨西哥国民。然而，大约25%的无证越境者尚未被确认身份，这表明亟需改进人类身份识别的方法。本文的第一个目标是描述在PCOME评估西南西班牙血统时使用的骨骼非度量特征套件。在这些情况下，这套非度量特征已被证明是建立未知个体“生物学概况”的有效组成部分。本文的第二个目标是介绍在PCOME中使用的方法，以建立这些情况下个人的“文化概况”。“文化概况”是一套识别标准，包括：恢复的地理环境、个人物品、牙齿健康和文化装备。在这些案件中，建立“文化档案”对于确定在试图越境时死亡的个人是否为外国人至关重要。
Due to the increasing number of Southwest Hispanics in the United States, as well as the overwhelming number of foreign nationals that die every year trying to enter the United States along the southern United States border with Mexico, new methods for classifying individuals have been established at the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner in Tucson, Arizona (PCOME). For each of the past 5 years, the PCOME has investigated a record number of deaths associated with these border crossings. The overwhelming majority of the identified decedents are Mexican Nationals. However, approximately 25% of these undocumented border crossers have yet to be identified, making it clear that improved methods for human identification are greatly needed. The first goal of this paper is to delineate the suite of skeletal nonmetric traits utilized in assessing Southwest Hispanic ancestry at the PCOME. This suite of nonmetric traits has proven to be an effective component in establishing the "biological profile" of unknown individuals in these cases. The second goal of this paper is to introduce methods used at the PCOME to establish the "cultural profile" of individuals in these cases. The "cultural profile" is a set of identification criteria that include: the geographic context of recovery, personal effects, dental health, and cultural accoutrements. Establishing the "cultural profile" in these cases is essential in identifying individuals as foreign nationals who have died trying to cross the border.