Evolution of Genome Content: Population Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Flies and Humans
Evolution of Genome Content: Population Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Flies and Humans
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-61779-582-4_13
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Petrov, Dmitri A.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Gonzalez, Josefa;Petrov, Dmitri A.
最近的研究开始阐明影响转座因子（TE）和TE生命周期的种群和进化动力学的因素。基因组在TE拷贝数、TE活性水平、TE家族和类型的多样性以及老TE和年轻TE的比例方面存在显著差异。在这一章中，我们将重点放在两个精心研究的基因组具有显着不同的架构，人类和果蝇，这代表了两个极端的TE多样性和人口动态。我们认为，一些答案可能在于（1）与人类相比，由于果蝇中的异位重组，种群规模更大，因此对新的TE插入的选择更有效;（2）与人类相比，果蝇中DNA丢失的速度更快，导致从果蝇基因组中更快地去除固定的TE拷贝。
Recent research is starting to shed light on the factors that influence the population and evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) and TE life cycles. Genomes differ sharply in the number of TE copies, in the level of TE activity, in the diversity of TE families and types, and in the proportion of old and young TEs. In this chapter, we focus on two well-studied genomes with strikingly different architectures, humans and Drosophila, which represent two extremes in terms of TE diversity and population dynamics. We argue that some of the answers might lie in (1) the larger population size and consequently more effective selection against new TE insertions due to ectopic recombination in flies compared to humans; and (2) in the faster rate of DNA loss in flies compared to humans leading to much faster removal of fixed TE copies from the fly genome.