GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN SONG AND SONG DIALECTS OF MONTANE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS
GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN SONG AND SONG DIALECTS OF MONTANE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS
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作者：
BAPTISTA, LF;KING, JR
对18个山地白冠麻雀（Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha）种群的鸣叫声进行了取样，以确定它们的方言群，并探讨它们与其他西部亚种的声音亲缘关系。白藓属一个明确的区域分化的歌曲被发现，主要是在音节形态的基础上，其次是在歌曲中的元素的顺序。加州州[美国]的内华达州山脉和圣贝纳迪诺山脉的鸟类构成了一个相当同质的方言群，与加州州华纳山脉的另一个不同的群有亲缘关系，华纳山脉与内华达州山脉北部的栖息地不适合繁殖Z。L. Oriantha。那些生活在附近但与世隔绝的沙漠山脉中的企鹅有着一种独特的鸣叫类型，类似于Z。L.甘贝利。Z. L.在Steens山脉东北部的俄勒冈州[美国]的瓦洛瓦山脉的Oriantha与洛矶山脉北方的方言区有联系。音节形态和歌曲元素的顺序也表明了Z的某些声乐亲和力。L. oriantha与Z.白藓属Z的歌L.内华达州、华纳山脉和圣贝纳迪诺山脉的oriantha与Z. L.加州中部的nuttalli和Z. L.位于哥伦比亚河以北的普格滕斯。Z的歌L.哈特山和Steens山的东方百合与Z. L.产于[美国]阿拉斯加和加拿大落基山脉西部的甘贝利。Z的歌L.圣贝纳迪诺山脉的oriantha（1907年以后建立的种群）与内华达州中部的那些是相同的，因此可以追溯到建立种群的起源。据推测，这些和其他数据是一致的，与兰德的解释，这些麻雀在更新世避难所的亚种分化。
The songs of 18 populations of montane whitecrowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) were sampled in order to define their dialect groups, if any, and to explore vocal affinities with other western subspecies of Z. leucophrys. A clear-cut regional differentiation of song was found primarily on the basis of syllabic morphology and secondarily on the sequence of elements in the song. The birds of the Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains of California [USA] constitute a fairly homogeneous dialect group related to another distinct group in the Warner Mountains, California, which are separated from the Sierra Nevada to the north by habitat unsuited to breeding Z. l. oriantha. Those in 2 nearby but isolated desert ranges share a unique song type resembling that of Z. l. gambelii. Z. l. oriantha in the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon [USA] to the northeast of the Steens Mountains, are allied with the dialect region of the northern Rocky Mountains. Syllabic morphology and the sequence of song elements also suggest certain vocal affinities of Z. l. oriantha with other western subspecies of Z. leucophrys. The songs of Z. l. oriantha in the Sierra Nevada, Warner Mountains, and San Bernardino Mountains have elements in common with those of Z. l. nuttalli in central California and Z. l. pugetensis north of the Columbia River. The songs of Z. l. oriantha at Hart Mountain and in the Steens Mountains are very similar to those of Z. l. gambelii in Alaska [USA] and the western Canadian Rockies. The songs of Z. l. oriantha in the San Bernardino Mountains (a population founded after 1907) are identical with those of the central Sierra Nevada, and thus trace the origin of the founding group. It is postulated that these and other data are consistent with Rand''s interpretation of the subspecific differentiation of these sparrows in Pleistocene refugia.