Molecular and Microscopic Methods of Quantifying Candida albicans Cell Wall PAMP Exposure.
Molecular and Microscopic Methods of Quantifying Candida albicans Cell Wall PAMP Exposure.
复制标题
定量白色念珠菌细胞壁 PAMP 暴露的分子和显微镜方法。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-2549-1_23
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bojang E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bojang E
白色念珠菌的细胞壁是由多糖和蛋白质组成的多层结构。内细胞壁层由甲壳素和β1-3和β1-6-葡聚糖组成，它们构成了细胞的整体形状和结构，而外层高度糖化的甘露糖蛋白提供了毒力所需的关键功能特征，如细胞粘附性。然而，细胞壁不是一个静态的结构，而是不断地根据外部环境进行重塑。由于所有的细胞壁成分都作为病原体相关的分子模式(PAMP)被天然免疫细胞表面的各种受体识别，细胞壁的重塑可以对宿主与病原体的相互作用产生巨大的影响。例如，在标准介质中生长期间，白色念珠菌保护其主要细胞壁PAMPs不受天然免疫系统的影响，但在酸性环境中生长期间，如在雌性生殖道定植期间，关键的PAMP暴露在真菌细胞表面，启动强烈的促炎先天免疫反应。环境适应对真菌细胞壁重塑的影响，以及随后对寄主-病原菌相互作用的影响，一直是许多研究的主题。在这一章中，我们概述了在静息和环境适应C中评估细胞壁成分的技术。白化细胞。
The cell wall ofCandida albicansis a multilayered structure consisting of polysaccharides and proteins. The inner cell wall layer is comprised of chitin and β1–3 and β1–6-glucan which contribute to the overall shape and structure of the cell, while the outer layer of highly glycosylated mannoproteins provides key functional traits such as cell adhesion required for virulence. However, the cell wall is not a static structure but is constantly being remodeled in response to the external environment. Given that all of the cell wall components act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by a variety of receptors on the surface of innate immune cells, remodeling of the cell wall can have a dramatic impact on the host-pathogen interaction. For example, during growth in standard media,C. albicansshields its major cell wall PAMPs from the innate immune system, but during growth in acidic environments as encountered during colonization of the female reproductive tract, key PAMPs become exposed on the fungal cell surface initiating a strong pro-inflammatory innate immune response. The impact of environmental adaptation on fungal cell wall remodeling, and the subsequent impact this has on the host-pathogen interaction, has been the subject of much research. In this chapter, we outline techniques to assess cell wall components in both resting and environmentally adaptedC. albicanscells.